DENTAL ASSISTANT ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 1
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Deciduous teeth are sometimes also known as which of the following?
Milk teeth Deciduous teeth, or milk teeth, are not permanent. These teeth, of which humans have 20, appear in early childhood and are lost at a relatively early age as well. They are replaced by the permanent teeth.
What is likely to happen if a primary tooth is pulled early?
Permanent tooth comes in crooked Primary teeth hold the space for permanent teeth. Without the primary tooth, the permanent tooth is more likely to grow in crooked.
Dental impressions are made by:
Placing a tray with the impression material in a patient’s mouth Dental impressions are made from placing a tray with impression material in an impression tray. The impression tray with the material in then placed in the patient’s mouth, where the material is allowed to harden. Once the material hardens, a mold of the patient’s mouth can be made.
The cheeks, gingiva, and lips are innervated by which of the following?
The trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V) innervates that cheeks, gingiva, and lips. This nerve branches into two smaller nerves, the maxillary and mandibular divisions.
Before treating a patient with a history of alcohol abuse, what would you want to consult the PCP about?
Liver function Alcohol abuse can damage liver function. Liver damage must be known before any medications are given. The primary care physician should be aware of the patient’s liver function.
What is the LARGEST size of inverted cone bur?
39 Inverted cone burs come in a range of sizes. 33 1/2 is the smallest, while 39 is the largest.
For which of the following procedures would choose a straight chisel?
To shape and plane the enamel of the cavity preparation The straight chisel is a hand instrument that is used to shape and plane dentin. It had a bevel on the side of the cutting edge. It is used in a pushing action, on Class II or IV cavities.
Common causes of unconsciousness in dental surgery include all of the following except:
Skeletal fracture Common causes of unconsciousness in dental surgery include all of the following except skeletal fracture. Temporary loss of consciousness from fainting (syncope) is precipitated by psychological factors such as pain or fear and most commonly occur in young males.
Besides the registration form, a first time patient should complete:
A health history form A health history form should be completed by a first-time patient. This form includes the patient’s past and present medical conditions, medications, and allergies.
The cusps on the tops of some human teeth are also known as which of the following?
Some human teeth are crowned with cusps. These are also known as tubercles.
Which of the following appliances is used to hold investment material and denture teeth when converting a try-in to a denture with plastic or porcelain teeth?
Flask The flask is used to hold the investment material and the denture teeth when coverting the try in to a denture. It should be used for dentures that have an acrylic base and plastic or porcelain teeth.
A plastic, U-shaped dental dam frame is known as which of the following?
U-frame A plastic, U-shaped dental dam frame is known as a U-frame. A metal U-frame is known as a Young frame.
Which of the following is NOT true of the Wedelstaedt chisel?
| Which of the following is NOT true of the Wedelstaedt chisel? |
It is used in Class I cavity preparation The Wedelstaedt chisel is a slightly curved, shanked instrument with a bevel on one side of the cutting edge. It is used to plane enamel and dentin. It is used in Class III and IV cavity preparation.
All but which of the following instruments can be used to remove calculus above the gingiva?
Probe The probe is used to measure gingival pockets. Hoes, chisels, and scalers are all used to remove calculus both above and below the gingiva.
A toothbrushing technique in which the bristles are placed against the attached gingiva, at a 45 degree angle to the tooth, and are then dragged slowly across the tooth with a rolling motion of the wrist is known as which of the following?
Rolling The rolling stroke involves placing the bristles of the brush against the attached gingiva, at a 45 degree angle to tooth. The bristles are then slowly dragged across the surface of the tooth, with a rolling motion of the hand and wrist. The brush should be rolled at least five times in each area of the mouth brushed.
Syncope is
A brief lapse in consciousness Syncope is a brief lapse in consciousness that is usually preceded by a feeling of light-headedness. It may often be prevented by lying down or sitting with the head between the legs.
A patient who has just undergone dental surgery should avoid all but which of the following things for the first 24 hours post-surgery?
Patients may apply ice or cold packs within the first 24 hours of surgery. They should not smoke or use a straw for at least 24 hours. Heat may be applied for pain relief only after 24 hours have passed
A patient with a history of hypoglycemia experiences tremors, sweating, and nervousness. What condition could this indicate?
Insulin shock Hypoglycemia is typically easy to control with diet and medication. When the condition is not under control, insulin shock is possible. The symptoms described could indicate insulin shock, and they are followed by delirium and twitching.
Which of the following rubber tips would you choose for polishing a restoration?
White Rubber tips come in brown, green, and white. White tips should be used for polishing.
Appointments for people with cardiac disease should be scheduled for:
Early morning These patients usually require less stress, such as waiting for appointments. They normally take their medications in the morning when they are best regulated.
Orban explorers are also known as which of the following
#17 The Orban explorer is sometimes also called the #17 explorer. Explorers are part of the basic dental exam set up
What can help prevent the endocarditis in patients with a high risk?
Prophylactic antibiotics Prophylactic antibiotics are medications given to prevent infection. This may be penicillin or another medication if the patient has an allergy.
The long, twisted, flexible wire instrument used to evenly distribute gutta percha or cement in the canal is known as which of the following?
The Lentulo spiral is a long, twisted, very flexible wire instrument. It is used to evenly distribute gutta percha or cement in the canal.
Gingival pockets of which of the following sizes indicate healthy gums?
In healthy gums, the pockets should be less than 3 mm. Pockets between 3 mm and 5 mm indicate mild gingivitis. Pockets greater than 6 mm indicate serious periodontal disease.
What type of filling material may release a small amount of fluoride?
Glass ionomers Glass ionomers fillings that resemble the color of the tooth. They are not as strong as amalgam or composite. They may, however, release fluoride
Which of the following instruments would you choose to remove soft tissue interproximally?
Interdental knife Interdental knives are used to remove soft tissue interproximally. They are a typical part of a periodontal set up.
During storage, which impression material MUST be protected from absorbing moisture from the air?
Alginate Hydrophilic (water-loving) impression materials include alginate and agar. Alginate MUST be stored in a cool, dry place and in an airtight container to prevent it from absorbing moisture from the air. Also, storing alginate in an airtight container prevents it from becoming contaminated. Before use and opening the container, alginate should be shaken to loosen the powder.
Which of the following instruments would you use to isolate the effected tooth during an endodontic procedure?
Which of the following instruments would you use to isolate the effected tooth during an endodontic procedure?
Which of the following is the appropriate way to receive a used syringe from the operator?
Grasp the syringe firmly and lift it from the operator’s hand Never cap a needle while it is in the operator’s hand. This poses risk of injury to you and the operator. Instead, grasp the syringe firmly and lift it from the operator’s hand. Cap it with a mechanical device if necessary.
An IPC is used for all but which of the following?
To pack amalgam into a cavity The IPC instrument is a single- or double-ended instrument that is used to carve or smooth interproximal surfaces. It may also be used to trim excess filling material on these surfaces.
Dental supply invoices should be checked:
As the shipment is being unpacked .As the shipment is being unpacked, is the time dental invoices should be checked. They should also be checked against the packing slip at this time.
A patient who has just undergone dental surgery asks what type of foods he is allowed to eat. Which of the following is an appropriate response?
The patient should follow a soft diet for several days after surgery. A soft diet is recommended after oral surgery. The patient may also sip water and fruit juice. Straws should not be used.
You are collecting clinical data from a 17 year old female patient. She reports increased sensitivity in one tooth, and she has developed signs of decay in other teeth since her previous visit. You notice lesions on her teeth as well. This patient should be further screened for which of the following?
Bulimia nervosa. This patient is displaying several signs of bulimia. Erosive lesions on the teeth from the acid in vomit are perhaps the most common sign. Increased tooth decay and sensitivity, which may result from excessive brushing after vomiting, also point to bulimia. The patient should be further screened.
Decay that occurs at the margin of a previous restoration is known as which of the following?
Recurrent decay is decay that occurs at the site of a previous restoration. It may be the result of microleakage.
Which of the following would you NOT choose to shape matrix bands?
Acorn burnisher The acorn burnisher is typically used to smooth amalgam after it is placed. It is not used to shape metal matrix bands.
When placing a rubber dam in a patient’s mouth, which of the following is the appropriate FIRST step?
Explain to the patient what you are going to do The rubber dam procedure can be uncomfortable for patients, especially those who may be claustrophobic. Explaining what you are going to do before you begin helps to reassure the patient.
How many incisors are in a normal human jaw?
The incisors comprise the first four teeth of each dental arch, with eight total in a normal jaw. The incisors are so named for their ability to cut, and are integral in chewing.
The BEST way to guarantee that a patient will keep his appointment is to:
Confirming the patient’s appointment .Confirming the patient’s appointment is the best way to ensure the patient will keep the appointment. Dental assistants should be familiar with logistics to ensure available time slots are efficiently managed.
Which toothbrushing technique would you advise a patient to use around orthodontic bands?
Charter’s In the Charter’s stroke, the side of the brush is placed against the tooth, with the bristles facing occlusally. It is then slid into a 45 degree angle with the gingival margin. The brush should be pressed into the margin and proximal areas and vibrated for at least 10 strokes. This stroke is useful for cleaning around orthodontic bands and fixed prosthesis.
After amalgam has been placed in a cavity, what should be done with any unused amalgam ?
Amalgam is not useable if it hardens in the carrier. Due to the metals in amalgam, it should not be flushed down the sink or disposed of in regular trash.
Which of the following is the most common complication in dental procedures?
Syncope Otherwise known as fainting, syncope is the most common complication in dental procedures. This is typically not serious and resolves in 30 seconds to 2 minutes in most patients.
The assignment of benefits line on an insurance form is signed by:
The subscriber .The subscriber should sign the assignment of benefits line on the insurance form. This ensures that payment on the claim is sent directly to the dental office.
For which of the following procedures would you choose a pear bur?
Opening and extending the cavity preparation Pear burs are used to open and extend cavity preparations. These burs come in a variety of sizes. The smallest is 329 and the largest is 332
Restorative materials which bond to enamel and dentin, and which release fluoride over time, are known as which of the following?
These materials bond to enamel and dentin and release fluoride over time. They are tooth colored but opaque. They are an ideal choice for places where recurrent decay is a problem.
Which of the following instruments would you choose if it is necessary to sever the periodontal ligament prior to an extraction?
Periotomes Periotomes are used to sever the periodontal ligament prior to an atraumatic extraction. They are also used to prepare for dental implants.
Which of the following dental cements is the weakest?
Calcium hydroxide Dental cements can range from weak to strong. From weakest to strongest, these are some cements commonly used calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, resins (urethane acrylate), and resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Calcium hydroxide is not as strong as many cements and is easy to mix. Its setting is accelerated by moisture.
What does an increase in refined carbohydrates lead to?
Changes in plaque pH Bacterial reactions to refined carbohydrates changes the plaque pH. This decreases the pH below critical levels. When the pH is reduced, the teeth are in danger from acids.
A dental dam frame which is U-shaped and made of metal is known as which of the following?
Young frame Dental dam frames can be either oval or U-shaped. They may also be made of metal or plastic. Metal U-shaped frames are known as Young frames.
The genial tubercules are a helpful landmark when trying to identify what area during the mounting process?
When trying to identify the mandible, the genial tubercules are located in the midline of the mandible and serve as a very useful landmark when mounting and labeling the radiograph. The genial tubercules are an entry point to the geniohyoid muscles and are very visible in many radiographs.
A patient bites the rod too far forward for a panoramic. What would the picture look like?
Visible spine and blurry anterior teeth The anterior teeth can appear blurry if the patient bites too forward on the rod or too far back. The rod holds the head in position for the panoramic. The spine is visible on all sides if the bite is too far forward.
Positioning the raised dot correctly in periapicals will:
Not interfere with the anatomy The raised dot is a reference point. If the radiographic operator orients the dot correctly in periapicals, the dot will not interfere with the anatomy by capturing.
A dental office is looking at equipment to add for the coming two years to accommodate its increased patient numbers. The lead assistant, office manager, and dentist are evaluating the options. The office currently manually processes radiographs and is considering an automatic processor. What is an advantage of an automatic processor?
Consistency and reliability When cared for properly, automatic processors have many advantages for a busy clinic. They are consistent, efficient, and reliable. They also allow better control over the speed of processing. However, they require special chemicals designed specifically for automatic processors.
The lead apron placed on the patient during a radiograph is there to
Lead aprons are placed on the patient’s body to protect their organs from radiation exposure. Even though the radiation is low, it is necessary to shield the organs.
What landmark does Eddy use to identify a maxillary anterior periapical view radiograph?
The incisive foramen is a funnel-shaped opening in the bone of the oral hard palate and is located behind the incisor teeth. When viewing an anterior periapical, the incisive foramen is easily seen along the floor of the nasal cavity and serves as a useful landmark.
What is true of the decay of the patient’s teeth?
This patient is a bitewing x-ray of a patient’s left side. It does not show any decay.
A dental assistant has been diagnosed with SKIN CANCER. She should:
Not continue taking x-rays and avoid any exposureSkin cancer involves a tissue that is highly sensitive to radiation. The dental assistant diagnosed with skin cancer should not be exposed to radiation. Even after the cancer is removed, the assistant should take special precautions.
The best PID length to improve image resolution is:
The best PID length to improve image resolution is:
The kVp control regulates all of the following except:
Heating of the filament The kVp control regulates all of the following except the heating of the filament.kVp is the maximum amount of voltage that an X-ray machine is using.
Dental implants are prosthetic. They replace missing, natural teeth
Which of the techniques places the film parallel along the axis of the tooth?
The parallel technique is the most commonly used technique. The film is placed directly along the axis of the tooth in a parallel position. The other option is the bisecting technique.
A lead apron may be damaged if not properly stored. What are signs of damage?
Damaged lead apron’s will not protect patients properly. Damages can come from not being stored properly. They should be inspected monthly for any damages.
Placing processors with the daylight film-loading features in subdued lighting helps to prevent the film image from:
Fogging Placing processors with the daylight film-loading features in subdued lighting helps to prevent the film image from fogging. Images that are clear, too dark or too light are a caused other factors not unrelated to the placement of the processor.
In relation to the average setting recommended by the equipment and film manufacturer, the exposure setting for a patient with a SMALL BONE structure is:
The exposure setting should be adjusted to the next lowest kVp or mA setting for a patient with a SMALL BONE STRUCTURE. The patients’ bone structure should be based on their wrist or ankles.
What form of mounting radiographs is most preferred by the American Dental Association (ADA)?
Labial mounting is the process of placing the film placed in the film mount with the raised identification dot facing the viewer. This allows the films to be viewed in the correct anatomical position and allows for easy viewing and interpretation.
Developer and fixer solutions should be replenished:
Developer and fixer solutions should be replenished daily. Daily replenishments of these solutions are vital in the processing of quality radiographs.
Clinical evidence shows safety practices that minimize patient exposure affect the outcome of radiographs by:
Improving the image quality Safety practices in dental radiography protect the patient and staff from unnecessary exposure. These practices also affect the outcome of the radiographs by improving the quality of the images captured.
Dental assistants can effectively reduce the amount of radiation their patients receive by
Limiting the beam to a direct and small area of the patient The best for way dental assistants to protect their patients is to narrow the beam and focus it on one small area. If the dental assistant allows for radiation to be spread, they can cause more damage to the patient then is need.
What is the best choice for children?
Occlusal Occlusal radiographs are able to give an image of an entire arch. They are also smaller and less likely to stimulate a gag reflex in young children. It is important to choose smaller radiographs whenever possible.
Operators under no circumstances should
Be in the path of the radiation beam Operators should avoid radiation exposure as much as possible. There is no reason that the operator should stand near or be in the path of the beam. Proper precautions, including barriers, need to be set in place. Only the patient should be in the path of the beam.
At the beginning of the day, the dental office procedures require radiograph personnel to REMOVE some of the old processing solutions BEFORE adding replenishers. The reason is to:
Replenisher should be added to manual processing equipment daily. To prevent overflowing the tanks, some of the old solutions should be REMOVED BEFORE adding the replenishers.
In one automatic processor, the manufacturer states the temperature and time in the developer are inversely related. This means:
The higher the temperature, the shorter the time An inverse relationship is one in which the one value decreases when another increases. In automatic processors, the higher the temperature is the shorter the developing time.
The benefits of dental radiation
The benefits of radiation from dental x-rays outweigh the risks. The patient is exposed to only a little bit of radiation. Radiation can be found in the atmosphere and environment. The benefits include getting a good look at your oral cavity, and the ability to find potential problems.
The most resistant material to radiation penetration is:
Lead is the most resistant material to radiation penetration. For this reason, the patient is draped with a lead-lined apron and thyroid collar.
Beam alignment guides can help reduce patient exposure and retakes because they help prevent:
The beam alignment guide should be used with film holders when capturing images. These devices, particularly the beam alignment guide, helps to prevent cone cuts and possible re-takes, which increases the patient’s exposure.
Film processing maintenance requires that surfaces of the tanks and countertops should be cleaned with a damp sponge:
After each use Surfaces of tanks and countertops should be cleaned with a damp sponge after each use. Without proper cleaning after each use, the possibility of contamination is increased.
The first sign that appears when a patient has x-ray dermatitis is
Redness of the skin A patient can easily be diagnosed with erythema if their skin becomes red. This is the first sign of x-ray dermatitis.
A charged coupling device is made of:
A charged coupling device is made of silicon. This is used in the sensors of digital radiology.
Which term has a clear relationship between the dose of exposure and the ill effect (i.e., specific dose-to-outcome)?
Non-stochastic Non-stochastic effects demonstrate a clear and direct relationship between the dose and the outcome. Stochastic effects are not clear and occur by chance. With non-stochastic effects, scientists can say that a specific dose will cause a certain symptom or death.
Which of the following is NOT a historical finding that indicates the need for radiography?
All of the answers are indications for radiography. Swelling, however, is a clinical sign. The other answers are historical findings
What is the relationship between the two images
The two x-rays are that of an adult patient. The image on the top shows the patient’s teeth before they are straightened and the image on the bottom shows the patient’s teeth approximately two years after they have been straightened.
The radiograph operators should not hold the x-ray tube because
X-ray housing leaks radiation Radiograph operators should minimize exposure by keeping a safe distance from x-ray equipment when taking exposures. Operators should never hold the x-ray tube while making exposures because they need to keep a distance. Further, all x-ray equipment leak radiation and holding the housing increases the operator’s dose.
State requirements regarding radiation equipment, radiography operator and patient safety varies. Some states require dental offices to submit a radiation safety plan containing what kind of information
Composition of radiation barriers The state requirements for radiation safety varies. Some states may require dental offices to submit a radiation safety plan. Usually the plan will require information such as the location of radiography equipment and composition of radiation barriers.
When cleaning tanks or metal parts of the automatic processor, do not use:
Steel wool When cleaning tanks or other metal parts of an automatic processor, steel wool should never be used. Another item that should not be used is an abrasive scouring powder.
What will cause a patient’s chin to tip up to far
Bite rod is seated outside of the guide The bite rod needs to be seated in its guide. If it is outside the guide, the chin can tilt too far up. Always check the guide before exposure.
How many films are necessary for the anterior parallel technique?
The anterior parallel technique requires seven films (from canine to canine, 4 maxillary and 3 mandibular).
What is the correct sequence for manual processing?
Developing, washing, fixing, washing The proper sequence for manually processing dental radiographs is developing, washing (or rinsing), fixing, washing. The films must be wash after each step to remove excess solutions.
How do you prevent overexposure?
Use fewer impulses Longer kVp impulses make an image darker. An image that is too dark needs less exposure time. It also requires fewer kVp impulses.
In the standard mounting procedure, the raised dot is oriented in which direction?
Upward In standard mounting, the dot is always facing the tube head and the dental specialist. This way, the radiographs are viewed from the facial aspect in correct anatomical order.
Cells that are the most susceptible to radiation damage include the following, except
Moving cells The sensitivity that cells have due to radiation is determined by what type of cell they are. Young growing cells, blood-forming cells, and reproductive cells are the easiest types of cells to be damaged.
Cells that are the most susceptible to radiation damage include the following, except
: Moving cells The sensitivity that cells have due to radiation is determined by what type of cell they are. Young growing cells, blood-forming cells, and reproductive cells are the easiest types of cells to be damaged
If the film is over exposed to a light source during storage can cause what?
Even though the film is fully developed, when in storage it should still be kept from any kind of direct light source. The light can cause the film to develop even further, although the film does not have much more to develop, causing it to become fogged and freckled.
The x-ray image shows an impaction of what molar?
“Mesio-angular” indicates the position of the tooth, which in this case means it is angled forward, toward the front of the mouth. The phrase “third molar” is used in lieu of the phrase, “wisdom tooth”. The wisdom tooth has not fully erupted.
The collimator on an x-ray machine is designed to do what in order to eliminate exposure to the technician?
Focus the primary beam on a specific area only
The collimator is a device used on a x-ray tube that restricts the primary beam to a desired size and focuses it on a specific area. When the collimator is set up and used correctly, it practically eliminates all exposure to the employee and greatly reduces the exposure to the patient.
The best radiograph to choose to evaluate a suspected salivary duct obstruction is the:
Occlusal Occlusal radiographs are the best to use for evaluation of a suspected salivary duct obstruction. Its main purpose is to locate objects in the oral cavity.
ental radiography contributes to what percent of x-rays taken in the healthcare setting?
~1% The contribution of dental radiography to an individual’s total x-ray exposure is small. In the healthcare setting, the total contribution to radiation from dental x-rays is approximately ~1%.
Which of the following will show the gazebo effect?
| The patient’s head needs to be aligned. When the chin is tipped too far down, the gazebo effect occurs. This means the spine makes an arch in the image. |
Which safety practice is an example of a dental clinic using distance to minimize worker exposure?
Dental offices can use the design of their facilities to protect workers from radiation exposure. For instance, the dentist can design the clinic so the operator can be as far away as possible from the radiation source. An example of using distance to minimize exposure is to place the x-ray machine switch outside of the radiography room.
A radiograph containing an image of short teeth and blunted roots is an example of:
Foreshortening A radiograph containing an image of short teeth and blunted roots is an example of foreshortening. This results from excessive vertical angulation.
A structure that appears radiolucent in a dental radiograph is
Median sutures appear radiolucent in a dental radiograph. Due to the absence of bony structure, the sutures appear dark in the X-ray.
There are various types of waste and each must be disposed of properly. Which of the following waste types is defined as “items that have had contact with blood or other body secretions”?
Contaminated The preceding types of waste are defined as: Contaminated: “Items that have had contact with blood or other body secretions.” Hazardous: “Waste posing a risk or peril to human beings or the environment.” Infectious: “Waste capable of causing an infectious disease.” Regulated: “Infectious medical waste that requires special handling, neutralization, and disposal,”
After a flash steam, how should the instrument be transported
Flash steam is used when there is an immediate need. They can be transported to the chair with sterile tongs. They may also be transported using sterile bag.
To remove a disposal mask, the wearer should:
Remove the mask by grasping the ties or elastic bands The wearer should not remove disposal face masks from the front as this area contains a large amount of contaminants. The wearer can grasp the “clean” area of the mask, which are the ties or elastic bands on the side.
What does the number “1” in the red section of the chemical hazard label represent?
The National Fire Protection Association has created a color coded system that describes particular chemicals being used. The system explains the flammability, reactivity and health hazards associated with the chemical, as well as any special hazards. Red = Flammability. Yellow = Reactivity. Blue= Health. White = Special hazards (e.g. water reactive or oxidizing agent). The degree of each hazard is noted with a number 0-4. 0 = Minimal. 1 = Slight. 2 = Moderate. 3 = Serious. 4 = Extreme
Of the following, which is NOT an example of an engineering/work practice control?
Syringe Engineering / work practice controls are items used to protect employees as they are working. OSHA requires that employers provide these items
Holding dental instruments the proper way can help avoid transmitting microorganisms from the dental assistant to the patient. What is the proper way to grasp dental instruments?
All of these It is important to know the proper way to grasp each instrument. It allows for efficient and a timely exchange or transfer of instruments as well as helping prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
If a package that stores sterilized instruments becomes wet, what should be done?
The instruments should be reprocessed When instruments are sterilized, everything possible should be done to keep them in that state until they are ready to be used. If the instruments are compromised in any way (wet, torn or contaminated package), they should immediately be re-sterilized
Toby was finishing with a patient when he was stuck with one of the sharp instruments. How soon should Toby report the incident?
Immediately After a employee exposure, such as a needle/instrument stick, the employee is required to report the incident to their infection-control coordinator (or other designated professional) who can initiate the proper care of the wound and complete the necessary reports needed for employee files. Exposures can include multiple factors in the risk of infections, so details of the incident such as date and time of the exposure, duties performed, patients involved and the fluids involved should be included on the exposure report.
A clinic provides all patients an oral care kit and patient education literature after every cleaning treatment. A patient sees the word dentifrice in the literature and asks the dental assistant what is a dentifrice. The simplest explanation the assistant can give is that a dentifrice is:
A cleaning or polishing compound used to promote oral health A dentifrice is a cleaning or polishing compound used to promote oral health. A dentifrice may be used for therapeutic as well as preventative care.
Clostridium difficile causes
To prevent the transmission of blood borne pathogens, OSHA requires a sharps disposal system. The sharps disposal system should have all the following features except for:
Flexible The requirements for sharps disposal systems are they must be rigid, puncture proof, leak resistant, labeled, and capable of being sterilized or burned. In no case should a flexible sharps container be used in dental offices.
What is can be placed over the x-ray head as a barrier?
Chair bag Chair bags are used as barriers for dental chairs. The chair bags fit the x-ray head. It is a useful barrier that reduces the need for disinfection.
Which of the following is infectious disease stage two?
Prodromal There are four stages of infectious disease. Stage 1 – Incubation Stage 2 – Prodromal Stage 3 – Acute Stage 4 – Convalescent
A patient is told the infection she has is transferrable. She asks the dental assistant possible ways that it can leave her body. Which of the following would most likely NOT be an example that he would give
Hair follicles Infections are typically released through bodily secretions. Blood and draining wounds are two other examples of the types of secretions used.
When would an employer not be allowed to identify the source individual of a needle stick?
State privacy laws According to OSHA, the employer is responsible for discovering the identity of the source individual. This helps determine the risk to the employee in the case of a needle stick. This information may be protected by state and local privacy laws.
How much soap should be used for proper hand washing?
1 teaspoon Liquid soap should be used over bar soap to prevent cross contamination. The recommended amount is 1 teaspoon. This needs to be worked into a lather to be effective.
Of the following, what is the level of disinfection that kills most vegetative bacteria (not Mycobacterium tuberculosis), some fungi and destabilizes some viruses?
There are three levels of disinfection. Low level – Kills most vegetative bacteria (not Mycobacterium tuberculosis), some fungi and destabilizes some viruses. Intermediate level – Kills vegetative microorganisms (even Mycobacterium tuberculosis), fungi and destabilizes most viruses. High level – Kills vegetative microorganisms and destabilizes viruses.
Mercury needs to be stored away from __
Heat Mercury is the only liquid metal. It is important to store it away from heat. It is also necessary to avoid heat when working with mercury.
An assistant is going to wear a hair covering. What is true of the mask?
It is put on after the cap Masks must always be worn. The mask fits behind the ears and should be applied after the cap. This allows for easy removal of the mask.
Chemical indicators should be placed in the ______of each sterilized
Center Each sterilized load should have a chemical indicator. The indicator needs to be placed in the center of the load. This will give an accurate reading.
What should sodium chloride be stored in?
Glass Sodium chloride is very corrosive. It should only be stored on glass or plastic. It is not safe for metal.
What PPE would MOST likely not be helpful in preventing exposure to mercury?
A face shield and respirator, goggles and rubber gloves with long cuffs have proven effective in limiting ones exposure to mercury. Mercury can be inhaled and absorbed through the skin.
Packs are sterilized in what instrument-processing area
There are several activities that take place in the Sterilization / storage area of instrument processing. These include the storage of packs and record keeping among other things.
Which of the following is an engineering control of reducing exposure to mercury?
| : Replace mercury devices with safer devices There are several types of controls that can be used to reduce ones exposure to mercury/; Choices B, C and D are examples of administrative controls. |
Of the following disinfectants, which includes alkyldimethylethylbenzyl ammonium chloride as an active ingredient?
The following consists of active ingredients in the preceding types of disinfectants. Dual phenolic – o-Phenylphenol and o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol Second generation quaternary ammonium compound – alkyldimethylethylbenzyl ammonium chloride Fourth generation quaternary ammonium compound – dioctyldemethyl ammonium bromide Alcohol-based phenolic – isopropyl alcohol plus
What should be used to clean up small mercury spills
Mercury should not be touched directly. Small spills of mercury can be picked up with tape. Larger spills require a trap bottle.
Potential sources of exposure to blood-borne pathogens include:
Gloves, face masks, gowns, and barriers Potential sources of exposure to blood-borne pathogens include Gloves, face masks, gowns, and barriers.OSHA requires employers to utilize engineering controls such as needleless blood collection systems and retractable needles
OSHA evacuation requirements define the:
The type, number, and construction of emergency escape routes OSHA evacuation requirements define the type, number, and construction of emergency escape routes. For example, dental offices with 1-3 stories must one hour fire resistant materials.
A dental assistant must use the small office steam sterilizer to clean dental equipment. Which of the following would be the cycle time at 250°F.
30 minutes Small office steam sterilizers have typical settings of 250°F and 273°F. When 250°F, the cycle can last 15 or 30 minutes. When 273°F, the cycle can last 3 or 10 minutes.
An example(s) of a work practice control to prevent cross-contamination is:
A work practice control example is hand hygiene. Masks, gloves, and aprons are examples of personal protective equipment. Safety devices are engineering controls, and a law would be a governmental policy. Clinic administrators can use many approaches to provide a safe and healthy environment for patients and workers.
Which items are generally not disposal?
Goggles Disposal items include face masks, gloves, hair nets and in some instance gowns. Goggles are generally not disposal and require disinfected if they become contaminated.
When a dental instrument contains so few microbes that it is safe to handle, what has taken place?
Disinfecting Cleaning is defined as removing microbes from something, but not killing said microbes. Sterilizing is killing and removing microorganisms from an object.
Eye masks protect from splatter and _____
Debris Eye masks serve two purposes. They protect from germs associated with splatter. They also protect from debris that may flay out during a procedure.
One method to inhibit biofilm is to:
Flush the dental units at the beginning of the dayBiofilm can be inhibited by frequent flushing of the lines. Flushing the dental unit water lines at the beginning of the day for a few minutes helps to remove any stagnant water and reduces the bacterial load. Biofilm can also be inhibited by flushing the lines in between patients for 20 – 30 seconds. The lines should never become clogged.
How should nails be kept?
Short and trimmed Long nails tear gloves. Pathogens are dense under nails. Keeping nails short and trimmed is safer and reduces pathogen contamination.
Dental assistants are vigilant about “breaking the chains” of infection. Of the following, which activity serves to “break the chain” between the agent and the reservoir?
Disinfecting There are different activities that must be done in order to “break the chain of infection” between the various links of infection. Between the agent and reservoir, cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing are important.
Of the following, the most critical PPE(Personal protection equipment) is:
Gloves Since the hands enter the patient’s mouth and are exposed to blood, saliva, and OPIM, gloves are an essential piece of protective equipment. The mask and lab coat are important but not as critical as the gloves.
What is the maximum allowable amount of nitrous oxide used in a patient at a given time?
50 ppm In order to avoid adverse effects, it is important for the dental professional to make sure the patient is not exposed to more than 50 ppm of nitrous oxide at a given time. The dental professional must be especially cautious because without precaution, the nitrous oxide level can reach 900 ppm.
When using a visible light-cured unit, the risk of retinal damage can be minimized if dental personnel wear:
Special protective glasses Wearing special protective glasses will reduce the risk of retinal damage when using a light-cured unit. A dental curing light is a piece of dental equipment that is used on several different dental materials that are curable by light. The main curing lights are halogen and LED.
What is Not a major organism group that is a source of infection
Microorganism All of the answers are microorganisms. The other answer choices are organism groups. They are all sources of infection.
Initial first aid for a minor cut in the dental office is
Clean the wound The initial first aid step for minor wounds is to clean the wound. The employee should then apply topical antibiotics, dress the wound and report the incident.
The dental assistant is using an antimicrobial chemical to kill the microorganisms on environmental services. Which of the following is she MOST likely using?
Disinfectant There are four basic types of antimicrobial chemicals. These include: Disinfectants- Responsible for killing microorganisms on environmental or inanimate surfaces or objects. Antibiotics- Responsible for killing microorganisms inside or on the body. Antiseptics- Responsible for killing microorganisms on the skin or other surfaces of the body.Sterilants- Responsible for killing all microorganisms on inanimate objects.
What is the minimum length of time for washing hands?
15 seconds The CDC recommends washing hands for a minimum of 15 seconds. Longer times will result in the removal of more bacteria.
Which of the following requires a drying time?
Autoclave The autoclave sterilizes heat through steam. This requires instruments to be dried. It also increases corrosion. The other answers do not require a drying time.
The dental assistant is using a quaternary ammonium compound to disinfect. What does “quaternary ammonium compound” mean?
Free of alcohol In 1978, the ADA suggested that quaternary ammonium compound products not be used in the dentistry field. However, the CDC stated these products can be used on clinical contact surfaces if it can also kill HIV and HBV.
When are film barriers removed?
Before being taken to the dark room Film barriers are used to prevent cross contamination. They should be removed before the film is taken to the development room.
Which of the following is a semi-critical instrument?
Mirror The semi-critical instruments are instruments that come in contact with mucous membranes. A mirror is a semi-critical instrument. They should be sterilized, but high-level disinfectant is also useful.
A dental assistant with hand lesions will cause which type of transmission?
Team-to-patient Team-to-patient transmission is rare. It occurs when lesions are on the hand. A cut will also cause Team-to-patient transmission
Which of the following can be used to substitute labels on biohazardous materials containers?
Red bags or containers According to OSHA’s Bloodborne/Hazardous Materials Standard, red bags or containers are the only substitute for container labels. The other options are recognized by OSHA.
Dental workers have an increased risk of developing ______
Carpal tunnel Dental workers have an increased risk of developing repetitive motion injuries. Carpal tunnel is a common risk. Proper ergonomics will reduce this risk.
A scavenging system is necessary when:
Nitrous oxide is used When nitrous oxide is used, a scavenging system is required. Nitrous oxide is the most common anesthetic used in dentistry and is used to provide comfort to the patient.
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