DENTAL ASSISTANT ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 10
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One essential drug in a dental office deemed necessary to manage emergency situations is:
Epinephrine Epinephrine is an essential drug that is necessary to have on hand during emergency situations in a dental office. Its purpose is to manage immediate allergic reactions.
You are collecting clinical data with a patient whose gums begin to bleed at several sites. How should this be charted?
With a red dot at each bleeding site Because gum bleeding can signal a number of conditions, this should be carefully charted. A red dot at each bleeding site is the typical method. A red B can also be used.
All but which of the following can be used to shape metal matrix bands?
Acorn burnishers are used to smooth amalgam after placement. They may also be used to begin the carving of an amalgam restoration. They are not used to shape metal matrix bands.
Which of the following would you use to smooth rough margins of an amalgam restoration?
The beavertail burnisher can be used to smooth the rough edges of an amalgam restoration. The football burnisher may also be used.
Which of the following is a description of an ulcer?
An ulcer is an open sore. It is not elevated or solid. Ulcers may be a sign of syphilis.
When instructing a patient how to use a modified Stillman’s stroke, which of the following is an appropriate instruction?
The patient should press the brush into the gingiva enough to cause slight gingival blanching In the modified Stillman’s stroke, the bristles are placed against the gingiva at a 45 degree angle to the tooth. They are then pressed into the gingiva enough to cause gingiva blanching. The rolling stroke is used to finish cleaning the tooth.
An impression that measures the occlusial relationship between a patient’s top and bottom teeth is known as which of the following?
Bite registration A bite registration measures the patient’s normal bite. This is the occlusal relationship between the top and bottom teeth. Bite registration wax is used to measure the bite registration.
Which of the following motions is used with a hoe?
Pulling Hoes are used to smooth and shape the floor of cavity restorations. They are used with a pulling motion.
All but which of the following are appropriate interventions for a patient who is hyperventilating?
Elevate the patient’s feet Elevating the feet is unlikely to help the patient return to normal breathing. Reassuring the patient and encouraging him or her to breath slowly is often helpful. Having the patient breath into a paper bag placed over the mouth and nose may also be helpful.
Which of the following instruments would you choose to reduce the alveolar bone?
Surgical bur Surgical burs are used to reduce and contour the alveolar bone. They may also be used to reduce or contour the tooth structure. They should never be used on soft tissue.
Third-party billing procedures refers to;
Insurance billing Third-party billing refers to insurance billing. The patient, dentist, and insurance provider are the three parties involved in third-party billing.
In four-handed dentistry, movements that involve the fingers, wrist, and elbow are known as which of the following?
Class III movements Class III movements are those that involve the fingers, wrist, and elbow. In four-handed dentistry, the movement of the hands and body should be minimized to minimize fatigue.
When interviewing a patient about home care. How often should the teeth be brushed?
Two times a day Patients need to brush their teeth at least twice a day. They should brush more often, depending on what they eat. A patient not brushing twice a day should be encouraged to do so.
When placing a rubber dam in a patient’s mouth, which of the following is the appropriate FIRST step?
Explain to the patient what you are about to do The rubber dam procedure can be uncomfortable for patients, especially those who may be claustrophobic. Explaining what you are going to do before you begin helps to reassure the patient.
When placing a rubber dam in a patient’s mouth, which of the following is the appropriate FIRST step?
Explain to the patient what you are about to do The rubber dam procedure can be uncomfortable for patients, especially those who may be claustrophobic. Explaining what you are going to do before you begin helps to reassure the patient.
For which of the following would you choose a plain fissure straight bur?
To place retention grooves in the walls of the cavity preparation Plain fissure straight burs are used to form the cavity walls of the preparation and also to place retention grooves in the preparation. This instrument has parallel sides on the head. These burs come in a range of sizes, with 56 as the smallest and 60 as the largest.
An accurate representation of a part of the patient’s mouth or the entire mouth is a(n):
Impression A dental impression is an accurate representation of part of a patient’s mouth or the entire mouth. Crowns, inlays, or onlays are prepared from dental impressions.
During a four-handed dentistry procedure, the assistant should be seated in which of the following ways?
With legs parallel to the patient’s body.
The assistant should be seated opposite the operator, with legs parallel to the long axis of the patient’s body. Stool height may need to be adjusted for the best line of sight.
Which of the following does NOT elevate a patient’s risk for oral cancer?
Being female Men are actually at higher risk than women for oral cancer. Using tobacco — both smoked and smokeless — greatly elevates one’s risk of oral cancer. Consumption of alcohol, especially to excess, also elevates the risk.
Root development is associated with which phase of eruption?
Preeruptive The phases of eruption are preeruptive, eruptive, and past eruptive. The roots are formed in the first stage. This is the preeruptive stage.
Which of the following is used to carve and smooth interproximal surfaces during restoration?
IPC instrument The IPC instrument is a single- or double-ended instrument that is used to carve or smooth interproximal surfaces. It may also be used to trim excess filling material on these surfaces.
For which of the following procedures would you NOT choose a composite placement instrument?
Applying primer to a cavity preparation The applicator is used to apply primer, conditioner, and bonding material to the cavity preparation. The composite placement instrument is used to carry composite material, to condense the material in the cavity preparation, and to rough carve composite material after placement.
Excavators are also sometimes known as which of the following?
Spoons Excavators are dental instruments used to remove decay and carious material. They are sometimes called spoons.
Dental equipment has specialized maintenance requirements. For instance, even routine radiation equipment requires maintenance and inspection by:
A radiation specialist or physicist Radiation equipment require special certification. Repairs and maintenance for radiation equipment should be performed by a radiation specialist or radiation physicist. Dental radiography operators are not qualified to make repairs.
Which of the following instruments would you choose to measure the pocket depth in the furcation areas of multi-rooted teeth?
Furcation probe The furcation probe is used to measure the pocket depth in the furcation areas of multi-rooted teeth. It has blunted ends.
When preparing an instrument tray for a root canal opening appointment, all but which of the following should be included?
Gutta percha Guta percha is used to fill root canals, but is not used until the closing appointment. When preparing a tray for an opening appointment, temporary filling material should be placed on the tray.
Which of the following is true of the manner in which the patient’s head should be placed during fluoride application?
The patient should be upright with the head tilted forward Once the mouth tray of fluoride is placed, the patient’s head should be tilted forward. This helps prevent the patient from swallowing the fluoride.
What is NOT a symptom of shock?
High blood pressure Patients in shock typically experience a drop in their blood pressure. High blood pressure does not accompany shock. The other answers are symptoms of shock.
Hatchets are used with which of the following types of motion?
Downward Hatchets are shanked instruments used to refine cavity walls and obtain retention in cavity preparation. They are used with a downward motion.
Which of the following is NOT true of deciduous teeth?
They are considered permanent Deciduous teeth, or milk teeth, are not permanent. These teeth, of which humans have 20, appear in early childhood and are lost at a relatively early age as well. They are replaced by the permanent teeth.
Which of the following is a use for dental wax?
Increasing patient comfort during impression taking Dental wax can increase patient comfort during impressions. It may also be used for patient comfort with braces, and can be used to increase tray height for better fit.
Which of the following instruments would you choose to remove a temporary crown?
The excavator can be used to remove carious material, to assist in placing the dental dam, and to remove excess temporary cement. It is also used to remove temporary crowns and bridges during fabrication.
The assistant zone for an assistant working with a left-handed operator will be in which of the following positions?
8 o’clock to 10 o’clock
For a left-handed operator, the assistant zone is from 8 to 10 o’clock. This is true regardless of the handedness of the assistant.
For which of the following would you use a Glick #1?
To condense gutta percha into a canal opening The Glick #1 is used to remove excess gutta percha from the coronoal portion of the canal. It is then used to condense the remaining gutta percha into the canal.
When instructing a patient how to use a Fones stroke, you should instruct him or her to use which of the following to clean the tooth surfaces?
Circular sweeping strokes The Fones stroke is performed with the mouth closed. In this stroke, the brush is placed against the closed cheek and directed toward the posterior teeth. Bristles are placed at a 90 degree angle. In and out strokes are used to clean palate and lingual surfaces.
Which of the following will NOT reduce the risk associated with rheumatic heart disease?
Long appointment Patients with rheumatic heart disease are at greater risk of heart attack or stroke. To reduce stress, schedule shorter appointments. The other answers are also precautions that should be taken when working on a patient with the condition.
The junction of the tooth and the restoration which is clinically visible is known as which of the following?
Margin The margin is the visible area where restoration and tooth meet. Margins may need to shaped and trimmed for optimal results in a restoration.
When preparing an instrument tray for a root canal opening appointment, all but which of the following should be included?
Spreaders Spreaders are used in the closing appointment for root canal therapy. They do not need to be placed on the opening appointment tray. The opening appointment set up includes a mouth mirror, explorer, endontic explorer, endontic spoon excavator, assorted reamers, a barbed broach, and an anesthetic set-up, among other equipment.
The crown cementation appointment is scheduled:
Two weeks after the crown preparation appointment is the time to schedule the crown cementation appointment. It is important for the dental assistant to know how long the lab needs to prepare the crown and return it to the dental office so that the proper appointment date can be scheduled.
The purpose of the initiator in composite resin use is to:
Begin the polymerization of the resin The initiator in composite resin may include chemicals such as benzoyl peroxide. The purpose of the initiator is to begin polymerization of the composite material. The filling material is “cure” when exposed to a light/heat source.
Which of the following is the weakest gypsum product used in dentistry?
Model plaster is a the weakest gypsum product used in dentistry. It is also the most porous.
The third lower molar is sometimes known as which of the following?
Wisdom tooth The third lower molar is sometimes known as the wisdom tooth. This tooth has two roots that are often united.
Alveolar osteitis is sometimes also known as which of the following?
Dry socket Alveolar osteitis is sometimes called dry socket, an infection of the bone that sometimes follows dental extraction. Sedative dressings and oral analgesics can help manage pain. The condition is self limiting and heals in a few days.
EMS should be called if a patient has a seizure that lasts longer than _____.
5 minutes Seizures should be allowed to run their course. If a patient experiences multiple seizures or has a seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes, do not interfere. You should, however, call EMS
The maxillary artery supplies blood to all but which of the following?
Lips The gingiva, teeth, cheek mucosa, and palate receive blood through the maxillary artery. This branch of the carotid artery is the larger of the two terminal branches. The lips receive blood through the facial artery.
Which of the following is the curing light used for?
Setting composite restorations Composite restorations need light to set or “cure.” The curing light is used for this. It should always be used with the protective curing light shield to protect the operators’ eyes.
Which of the following is not considered an indirect benefit of good oral hygiene?
Even with good hygiene, teeth should be cleaned at least annually. Good oral hygiene may provide several indirect benefits, including increased self-esteem, reduced need for root canal and other corrects, and freedom from dental pain. When educating patients, focusing on the many benefits they can derive from good oral hygiene can motivate them to learn to comply.
When would suction be required in an emergency?
A patient vomits during a seizure It is important to keep the airway open. A seizure may cause a patient to vomit and suction will keep the airway open.
The process of providing support from intact teeth to teeth that have loosened due to bone loss is known as which of the following?
Splinting Teeth that are loose or have lost bone support can be supported by nearby intact teeth. This process is known as splinting.
The process of the dentist’s submission of a treatment plan to the insurance carrier before treatment begins in order to determine an estimate of how much of the treatment will be covered is known as:
Pre-determination of benefits Pre-determination of benefits is an estimate of how much the insurance carrier will pay on a particular treatment plan. Due to the complex nature of insurance policies, it is difficult to predict what percentage of the procedure will be covered.
The dentist has prepped a posterior molar for a crown. Which temporary crown material is BEST suited for this tooth?
Temporary restorations include both fillings and crowns. A variety of metal and non-metal materials are used for temporary restorations. Aluminum or stainless steel are best suited for posterior temporary crowns.
Facial mounting is when radiographs are mounted with the embossed dot appearing ________.
Outward Facial mounting is another view that is mounted from the facial aspect, or outside looking in, as if you are standing in front of the patient. From this view the embossed dots are facing upward and is usually done right after a patient’s films are processed.
Which of these is NOT a test used to evaluate the functionality of an x-ray machine?
Collaboration There are eight tests used annually to ensure x-ray machines are functioning properly. These are X-ray output, Kilovoltage calibration, Half value layer, Timer, Milliamperage, Collimation, Beam alignment, and Tube head stability.
How often are bitewing radiographs usually taken?
Bitewing radiographs are usually taken once or twice a year for patients who require them. This may be more frequent if the patient has numerous caries
The temperature of solutions in the automatic processors:
Is much warmer than when using manual processing The temperature of solutions in the automatic processors are much warmer than the temperature when using manual processing. It is also recommended that the temperature of the solution be measured with a hand-held thermometer.
After an operator has finished performing an x-ray, to avoid radiation exposure, they should
Wait for an indicator stating exposure has ended When an x-ray finishes, machines offer a visual indictor or make some sort of sound that lets the operator know that radiation exposure has been completed. An operator should not leave the protective area until they receive the signal, otherwise they may expose themselves to radiation.
| What is true of this patient’s teeth? |
This x-x-ray is not that of a young child, meaning milk teeth will not be present. Also, the patient does not have braces. The highlighted sections of teeth indicate fillings.
The cassette used in panoramic radiography is:
The cassette used in panoramic radiography is rigid and re-usable. It is impervious to external light and designed so the patient exposure to radiation is minimized.
| What type of x-ray does this image represent? |
PA
x-rays are used to display the whole tooth, from its crown to its roots and
the bones that support it. This x-ray type assists dentists in making
diagnoses of dental problems located in the jaw or beneath the gum line (e.g.
impacted teeth and abscesses).
What should NOT be used to stir solutions in a manual processor?
Wood Solutions need to be thoroughly stirred in manual processors. Each solution needs its own rod. They may be aluminum or plastic. They should not be wood.
Film speed can determine the amount of radiation exposure. Which speed is fastest?
: Group F Fast x-ray film can reduce the patient radiation exposure. The group E and F films are recommended because they reduce radiation dose by more than 50% when compared to group D film. The group F films are faster than group E or D.
Exposure to radiation that causes sudden or acute health effects are also known as what type of effects?
Non-stochastic health effects
Non-stochastic health effects are effects that can appear in a short amount of time and are considered acute for their sudden onset. The more exposure the patient has, the more severe the symptoms become. Some common non-stochastic effects from radiation exposure include nausea or extended fatigue.
What will prevent static from marring a panoramic image?
Antistatic mats and humidifiers will keep static from the environment. It is also important to remove film from the cassette slowly. Fast movement increases static electricity.
The thyrocervical collar is positioned to cover the:
Throat The thyrocervical collar protects the patient’s throat. This protection is similar to the lead-lined barrier that protects the X-ray machine operator.
A patient moved while Susan was taking the radiograph. Susan is now concerned the image will be:
Blurred Patient should remain still when radiographs are being taken. Movement causes radiographs to blur.
Which film size would you choose for a bitewing radiograph?
2 Bitewing radiography typically uses a size 2. Size 1 may be used for children. Size 3 rarely used for bitewing radiography.
After processing X-rays, all uncovered surfaces of developing equipment should be:
Disinfected After processing X-rays, all uncovered surfaces of the developing equipment should be disinfected. This should be done to remove any contamination of the developing equipment.
If a patient holds their own film
The patient’s fingers may get radiation burn Any unprotected area of the body is susceptible to radiation burn. It is not likely that you will get radiation burn from holding a film once, but repeated actions can result in the burns.
A full-mouth X-ray series:
Always has periapical and bitewing films A full-mouth X-ray series includes these two types of radiographs. The periapical radiograph shows the most accurate image of crowns, roots, and supporting structures of a particular area of the oral cavity.
Dental assistants are trained to take both intraoral radiographs and
Extraoral radiographs Extraoral radiographs are when the film is put on the outside of the mouth. Intraoral radiographs are placed on the inside of the mouth. The operator should keep themselves safe, by never holding a film for a patient when taking an x-ray.
Equipment operators
Should receive annual education of radiation safety With guidelines changing and equipment upgrades, operators should be trained in radiation safety once a year. This is the best way to protect themselves and the patients they care for.
The overall appearance of a full-mouth survey is an:
Upward curve The overall appearance of a full-mouth survey is an upward curve. The upward curve resembles a smile.
Contrast on a dental X-ray can be altered by:
Changing the kVp setting The kVp setting will control the amount of contrast that appears in a radiograph. The kV is the amount of voltage that an X-ray machine uses.
A substance or structure that appears radiopaque on an X-ray is:
Occlusal amalgam restoration An occlusal restoration amalgam appears radiopaque on an X-ray. Due to its hardness, the radiation rays do not penetrate it as much as other structures such as dentin or enamel. The harder the substance or structure, the more radiopaque it will be.
Patients are exposed to more radiation in the environment than they are in the dental office. On average how many mSv’s are people exposed to per year?
Radiation is in our environment. On average a person is exposed to 3.2 mSv’s per year from other sources. Compared to what is received in the dentist’s office, the outside radiation is very high in comparison.
What is ALARA?
None of the above
ALARA is an acronym meaning as low as reasonably achievable and pertains to the use of x-ray and other radiation machines/procedures. ALARA is a safety principle for minimizing the exposure to radiation by using all reasonable methods available.
In mounting mandibular incisor X-rays, the incisal edges should be directed toward:
The top of the film mount In mounting mandibular incisor X-rays, the incisal edges should be directed toward the top of the film mount. The right and central incisors should be placed toward the middle of the film mount.
One form of storing and saving patient radiographs for future use and review is to:
In most dental offices, patient files and radiographs can take up a lot of space in the office or storage facilities. Many dentists choose to transfer films and radiographs to microfilm (also known as microfiche) since large images can often be reduced onto one sheet without loosing quality. This allows large quantities of files to be stored without taking up extra space.
Image density is the amount of radiation reaching the film. Image density can be controlled by using the:
Correct mA and timer settings The image density can be controlled by using the correct mA and timer settings. This technique minimizes re-takes.
What can prevent light exposure from damaged cassettes?
Damaged cassettes allow light in and fog the image. Taping the edges of soft cassettes will help keep light out. It is important to inspect cassettes for damage before using them.
What can prevent light exposure from damaged cassettes?
Damaged cassettes allow light in and fog the image. Taping the edges of soft cassettes will help keep light out. It is important to inspect cassettes for damage before using them.
What can prevent light exposure from damaged cassettes?
Damaged cassettes allow light in and fog the image. Taping the edges of soft cassettes will help keep light out. It is important to inspect cassettes for damage before using them.
Cells most sensitive to radiation are those with which characteristic?
Radiosensitive cells have many characteristics to help scientists and medical researchers distinguish them from radio-resistant cells. For instance, the phase a cell is in during division, as well as the division rate, significantly impacts cell radiosensitivity. Cells in mitosis and cells with higher division rates are more radiosensitive. Other characteristics of radiosensitive cells include: unspecialized or undifferentiated, high metabolic rate, and well-nourished.
What do foil sheets in film packets help prevent?
The foil protects the film from exposure to secondary radiation. This foil protects the image. It reduces the risk of film fogging.
How much should exposure time for children be reduced in intraoral radiography?
The amount of radiation children are exposed to should be limited. Additionally, their size requires less exposure time. Children require one-third the exposure time of the average adult.
To protect themselves, operators should not only wear protection, but also
There are more ways for operators to protect themselves than with gloves, aprons, etc. Operators should have the knowledge on where to stand during an x-ray (behind a barrier), know how to work all x-ray equipment (start, off, etc), and know the effects of radiation.
The terms dose and exposure are sometimes interchanged. DOSE means:
The dose or absorbed dose is the amount of energy that ionizing radiation imparts into person or material. The unit for dose is the gray (Gy) or the rad.
Maxillary films show all of the following except:
Maxillary films show all of the following except the external oblique ridge. The external oblique ridge is displayed on the mandibular molar film.
Where should film NOT be stored?
Film should not be stored in the x-ray room. This will cause unnecessary exposure. The other answers are suitable for film storage.
Which dosimeter is considered the most recent innovation in personal monitoring devices and is often used for purposes outside of the dentist office?
The OSL dosimeter is one of the newest and recent innovative dosimeter devices. It has been improved to be used over and over again by radiation employees, but it can also be used outside of the office while tracking radiation at bomb sites, buildings and even in random people.
What should you do for a nervous patient?
Nervous patients are more likely to move during exposure. Explaining each step of the process beforehand will alleviate stress. This can also prevent patient movement.
What does this x-ray show?
This patient is showing that bridgework has been done along with restorative crowns
While in the developer solution, the silver on the film creates a:
Silver on the film will create a radiolucent image while in the developer solution. Soft matter will appear radiolucent on radiographs.
One place X-ray film should not be stored is:
Dental X-ray film should never be stored in the darkroom. This area contains chemicals and fumes that can damage the film.
Preventing the developer from acting on a specific area of the film’s surface is the result of:
Air bubbles prevent the developer from acting on a specific area of the film’s surface. They prevent the developer from acting on the area of the film that is contained in each bubble.
What is one way to easily store and save patient radiographs and records for future use?
Since many patient files in a dentist office can be very large and take up a large amount of space, many HCP choose to preserve patient files, including films and radiographs, on microfilm. These images can be compressed to fit onto a disc or file without losing picture quality. Preserving them on film allows for more storage of patient records without sacrificing space.
What is cause of dark spots on processed film?
Storage of film is important to how it is developed. It is important to store it in a cool, dry place. Humidity causes dark spots to appear on the film
How should a cassette be loaded?
Cassettes must be loaded carefully for the image to be visible. The dull surface must face the film. If the shiny surface faces the film, the image will not appear.
A substance that is used to remove any developer or fixer chemicals from dental radiographs is:
Water is used to remove any developer or fixer chemicals from dental radiographs. Metol is a developing agent and sodium carbonate is an activator in the developing solution.
When film is not completely immersed in the developing solution:
When film is not completely immersed in the developing solution a partial image will appear. Partial images can also appear when the film has come in contact with another film during the developing process.
The examination of the anatomy and pathology of a particular area is provided by:
The examination of the anatomy and pathology of a particular area is provided by periapical radiographs. Size 1 film is used in periapical radiographs to X-ray incisors and cuspids in adult patients.
Who is in charge of the overall safety of the patient when in the dental office?
When a patient is in the dental office, the dentist is responsible for the patient’s safety. He/she is responsible to make sure the patient is properly taken care of when it comes to radiation and proper safety conditions are followed.
The area of tissue exposed to x-ray radiation should not exceed the minimum coverage required to capture the desired anatomical area. How much space should be between the CROWN of the teeth and the EDGE OF THE FILM?
The margin or area from the crown of the teeth to the edge of the film should be small. The recommended margin is 1/8″ to 1/4″.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn at all times in the dental procedure room. Who determines these procedure regulations?
OSHA has regulations regarding employee PPE, including hats, gowns, mask, etc. These regulations are determined by OSHA and administered to each business. The dentist or other medical professional(s) do not decide these rules and should adhere to them.
Which of these is NOT an exposure control plan component outlined by OSHA?
OSHA requires many things of the exposure control plan such as it includes training procedures However, it does not require that the plan be a minimum of 20 pages in length.
What is true of hepatitis D?
Hepatitis D is not capable of replicating alone. It requires hepatitis B to replicate. This makes the hepatitis B vaccine is effective.
What is the MOST effective preventative method for maintaining clinical equipment and surfaces free of cross contaminants?
OSHA recommends protecting equipment and surfaces with barriers as the most effective way to prevent cross contamination and spreading of disease. Examples of this would be covering the head rest and control panel of a dental chair.
Which of the following does NOT require a barrier?
The hand piece must be sterilized. The other answers require barriers. Switches and controls also use barriers.
When using a nail brush, what is the correct motion?
A nail brush removes pathogens from below the nails. The circular motion is the most effective. A cuticle stick is also used to clean below the nails.
Who is responsible for adhering to safety guidelines created by OSHA?
Employers are responsible for providing the necessary facilities and information to employees. All employees are responsible for following the guidelines and procedures to keep them safe.
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the most beneficial antimicrobal handwashing agents?
Chlorhexidine digluconate, triclosan and para-chlorometaxylenol are three agents that when coupled with the proper technique, can help protect one from harboring hurtful microorganisms. Typical hand lotions provide moisture but do not kill microorganisms.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main sections in the Instrument-processing area?
The three sections associated with the Instrument-processing area are: contaminated, packaging and sterilization / storage. The order in which these areas are visited are: contaminated area, packaging area, then sterilization / storage area.
What should not be worn in a dentist’s office?
Loose or dangling sleeves can accidentally fall into contaminants. This can cause cross contamination. Long, fitted sleeves will avoid this problem.
Patients who are HIV positive should be encouraged to do which of the following?
Antiretrovirals are effective at controlling the symptoms and spread of HIV. Dental assistants should encourage patients to take their medication for their own health and the safety of others.
Of the following, what is step number four of the decontamination cycle regarding reusable items?
There are some dental equipment items that are disposable after one use. For the items that are re-used, they must undergo a rigorous decontamination cycle in order to prevent the infestation of microorganism. The steps are as follows: cleaning, disinfection, inspection, packaging, sterilization, transport, storage, use and transport.
Sterilized equipment is stored in a package or a(n) ____.
Sterilized equipment may be placed directly onto trays. The trays can be protected similar to a packet. The trays are kept sterile until they are used.
Workers Rights under Occupational Safety and Health Act include all of the following except for:
Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act employees have many rights such as requesting OSHA to inspect their workplace without the threat of retaliation or discrimination. Employees may also review employer injury and illness records, obtain test results of workplace hazards, request their own medical records, and receive information and training on work hazards. Employees cannot request the medical or confidential records of other employees even if the other employee has an infectious disease.
What is the first step after skin is broken an there is blood borne pathogen exposure?
After an exposure, the puncture should be squeezed until a small amount of blood comes out. This may diminish the risk.
A stored package is no longer sterile at which point?
Dental equipment is typically used quickly. The packages will last until they are open. They are not sterile once the packages are torn.
Nosocomial infections are:
Nosocomial infection is another name for hospital or clinically-acquired infections. Nosocomial infections result in a large number of deaths annually in the US.
A patient in the dental office has a latent infection. Of the following, which is an example of a latent infection?
Hepatitis B is an example of a chronic infection and cold sores, latent infection. An ear infection acquired while recovering from the flu is an opportunistic infection. A common cold is an acute infection.
Transmission of microorganisms aerosolized from a patient/s blood or saliva during the use of high-speed or ultrasonic equipment is known as:
Inhalation transmission is the inhalation of microorganisms aerosolized from the patient’s blood or saliva during the use of high-speed or ultrasonic equipment. Inhalation transmission can occur through sneezing, coughing, or talking.
In the dentistry practice, which of the following is NOT one of the primary ways that microorganisms transmit?
Although vectorborne transmission is a common form of transmission, it is not one that is generally found in the area of dentistry.
o-Phenylphenol and o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol is a common active ingredient of which of the following disinfectants?
Dual phenolic The following consists of active ingredients in the preceding types of disinfectants. Dual phenolic – o-Phenylphenol and o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol Second generation quaternary ammonium compound – alkyldimethylethylbenzyl ammonium chloride Fourth generation quaternary ammonium compound – dioctyldemethyl ammonium bromide Alcohol-based phenolic – isopropyl alcohol plus
What needs to be water based?
Lotions may reduce the effectiveness of gloves. The are necessary, however, because they preserve skin integrity. During the day, water based lotions are safer to use.
What needs to be removed before proper hand washing?
Rings and watches can both harbor flora and pathogens. They should not be worn again after hands and wrists are washed.
Which of the following is NOT one of the commonly recognized methods of precleaning?
Precleaning is done to help loosen and remove debris on instruments. Due to the direct contact with the instruments, hand scrubbing is the least desirable method, while ultrasonic cleaning and instrument washing machines are more desired.
What should instruments be stored in ?
Instruments need to be stored in the same packages they are sterilized in. The packages should not be handled. They are torn contaminated when torn.
Skin pH is:
The skin’s pH is mildly acidic. Most soaps are alkaline, so they can significantly alter the skin’s pH and cause dermatitis.
Which of the following consists of p-Chloro-m-xylenol as an active ingredient?
The following consists of active ingredients in the preceding types of disinfectants. Chlorine – sodium hypochlorite Iodophor – butoxypolypropoxypolyethoxyethanol-iodine complex PCMX – p-Chloro-m-xylenol First generation quaternary ammonium compound – benzalkonium chloride
Of the following, which is NOT a crucial exposure control plan component as per OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Revision?
OSHA requires many things of the exposure control plan such as it includes procedures for selection of PPE. However, it does not require that the plan be updated every six months. It should be updated annually.
___________ reduce(s) the number of dental care workers that could be susceptible to diseases, as well as reduces transmission to other patients and staff.
According to the CDC, Immunizations are an efficient and effective method of protecting employees, as well as patients, from many diseases, such as Hepatitis B or Influenza. Employees who receive these immunizations before being put at risk for exposure are able to build up the necessary antibodies and can reduce their chances of contracting certain infections in the workplace. This also reduces the risk of infection transmission from patients and from other workers.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration bloodborne pathogen standard (universal precautions) applies to:
The universal precautions apply to all patients. All patients are considered potentially infective.
A dental assistant and front office coworker leave the dental office to go to lunch offsite. OSHA requires:
OSHA regulations require dental workers to remove contaminated clothing before leaving the work area. Additionally, workers should not take contaminated clothing home and launder it with their normal clothes.
When do instruments NOT require being presoaked?
Automated cleaning does not require soaking. The heat and motion of ultra sonics and washer disinfectors will remove debris. Soaking is required with manual cleaning.
How many times should the bottle be rinsed?
The bottle needs to hold the disinfection solution for 10 minutes. Afterwards, it needs to be rinsed. It should be rinsed twice.
An autoclave requires _____.
Distilled water has impurities removed. This makes it a better choice to use in an autoclave. It will reduce the risk of biologic build up.
Dentists are required by OSHA to offer all employees vaccination for:
OSHA requires dentists to offer and pay for Hepatitis B vaccinations for all employees. The vaccine is given in 3 doses over a specified time period.
Which of the following is NOT required on the Material Safety Data Sheet?
There are at least 13 pieces of information that must be included on the MSDS. Additionally, MSDS’s must be available to OSHA representatives when requested.
What is recommended for cleaning machines exposed to beryllium?
It is important to keep beryllium from the air. When cleaning machine and clothing of beryllium, it is important to use a machine suction method instead of air.
A patient with a heart murmur has an increased risk of developing which of the following?
The risk of bacterial endocarditis increases when a patient has a heart murmur. A joint replacement also increases the risk. Antibiotics should be prescribed prior to a procedure.
Which of the following would you use to sterilize an extremely small instrument quickly?
The hot bead sterilizer is used for quick sterilization. It reaches between 425 F and 475 F. The hot bead is ideal for small instruments.
How long should water lines run at the beginning of each day?
The water lines need to be run at the beginning of each day and between each patient. The water should run for a minimum of 30 seconds. The ADA recommends running it for minutes.
When utilizing the dry heat oven type of sterilization, what does NOT apply to it?
Corrosion is not associated with this type of sterilization. Other advantages are that they can use closed containers and the instruments are automatically dry after the cycle.
Personal protective equipment includes all of the following except for:
Single use instruments are important items in preventing cross-contamination and the spread of infection. However, single use instruments are not considered personal protective equipment.
An engineering control for minimizing needlesticks is to:
Dental offices are required by OSHA to employ engineering controls to promote a safe work place. A mechanical device that holds needles when recapping is an example of an engineering control.
What is Not a key factor of sterilization?
Sterilization is part of asepsis and infection control. The other answers are the key factors. Anything that inhibits any of these factors inhibits sterilization.
Removing barriers should always be done with ____.
Gloves must be worn when handling potential hazards. This includes cleaning and removing barriers.
A requirement of OSHA is for employees to report to their employer any unexpected exposure to:
A requirement of OSHA is for employees to report to their employer any unexpected exposure to Needlesticks, eye exposure to blood, and unexpected exposure to hazardous chemicals. In the event of three injuries or at least one death the employer is required to report the incidents to the federal government.
Work practice controls for handling non-sharp, regulated biohazard waste includes all of the following except for:
Work practice controls for handling biohazard includes using color-coded or labeled leak proof containers or bags, allowing only trained employees to handle biohazard waste, and keeping biohazard waste in a designated area of the office. Standard plastic waste bags should not be used as they may not be leak-proof and are not properly labeled or color-coded.
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