DENTAL ASSISTANT ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 2
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Which of the following instruments is used to remove decay before restoring a cavity?
Excavator The excavator is used to remove decay before preparing the tooth for restoration. Some dental professionals may also use burs in this process.
A cavity that involves three or more surfaces of the tooth is known as which of the following
Complex cavity A cavity which involves three or more tooth surfaces is considered complex. These often require extensive reconstruction.
For which of the following procedures would you choose a tapered fissure straight bur?
Tapered fissure straight burs are used to form the divergent walls of cavity preparations. They are also use to place retention grooves in preparations. These instruments come in a variety of sizes, with 169 being the smallest and 172 being the largest.
A patient who has had her wisdom teeth extracted returns complaining of a radiating pain in her jaw. She cannot localize the pain but says it is throbbing and severe. This patient is displaying symptoms of which of the following?
Alveolar osteitis This patient is displaying symptoms of what is sometimes called dry socket, an infection of the bone that sometimes follows dental extraction. Sedative dressings and oral analgesics can help manage pain. The condition is self limiting and heals in a few days.
Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of the evacuator tip?
To remove carious material The evacuator tip is used to remove debris and fluid from a treatment site. It may also be used to retract soft tissues.
A patient should be given antibiotics before a procedure if he or she has _____.
Diabetes increases the risk of infection. This is more likely to require antibiotics before a procedure. The other conditions are less likely to require antibiotics.
A veneer that is applied without removing existing tooth structure is known as which of the following?
Direct veneer Direct veneers are put in place without removing existing tooth structure or material. These veneers use bonded composite materials. If the veneer is applied without the removal of tooth structure, the veneer is considered reversible.
Who should administer oxygen?
Dentist The dentist will usually administer oxygen to patients. Dental assistants, however, should have the ability to administer oxygen. It may be necessary for the assistant to perform this role in case of an emergency.
Which of the following instruments would you use to place a rubber dam in a patient’s mouth before treatment?
Beavertail burnisher The beavertail burnisher can be used to tuck the rubber dam in place. Another burnisher may also be used. Do not use pointed or sharp instruments, as they may puncture the dam.
When preparing to remove calculus, which of the following is the role of an exploratory stroke?
To determine the shape of the calculus deposit An exploratory stroke is used to determine the shape of the deposit. The instrument should not be inserted below the gingiva.
You are collecting clinical data with a patient who has a full coverage crown on one of her back molars. How would you chart this?
A full coverage crown can be indicated by circling the entire tooth in blue on the diagram. If the patient has restorations of different materials, it may be useful to make this distinction with colors on the chart.
Elastomer impression materials are prepared by mixing:
A base product and a chemical reactor Elastomers are rubber-based materials prepared by mixing a base product (such as a polyether, polysulphide, or silicon base) and a chemical reactor. The different base products produce impression materials with different characteristics. For instance, polysulphides are accurate but are messy and smell unpleasant. Polyethers are accurate but stiff, and silicone-based materials are very accurate but have different curing methods.
Which of the following is considered the most effective way to maintain a dry field during dental restorations
Rubber dam Rubber dams help provide a barrier to moisture, which can be problematic is dental procedures including restorations. Placement of the rubber dam is a common task for dental hygienists.
Which of the following is NOT true of vulcanite burs?
Vulcanite (or laboratory) burs are for use on acrylic, stone, plaster, and metal materials such as dentures. They are not to be used intraorally.
During patient education, your patient says that he dislikes brushing his teeth at home because he has pain in his gums. Which of the following is an appropriate recommendation for this patient?
The patient should use a salt water rinse after brushing to alleviate discomfort Many patients resist brushing because there is discomfort. Salt water rinses can help alleviate this. The patient should still brush at least twice a day.
A patient is not breathing after receiving medication during a procedure. What should be done first?
If a patient stops breathing oxygen needs to be administered immediately. While it is being administered, another employee needs to call EMS.
Other than hearing but not listening, the BEST example of another barrier to communication in the dental office is:
Prejudging a person can be a hindrance to good communication. Dental assistants must develop their communication skills to know how to handle unusual requests.
Which of the following instruments would be used to enlarge a root canal?
Reamer Reamers are used to enlarge the pulp canal. They can be used in a filing motion or a reaming action.
Which of the following is NOT true of lower incisors?
They have a prominent cingulum In the lower incisors, the cingulum is absent. The lower incisors, particularly the central incisors, are the smallest of all the incisors. They are somewhat beveled, as they are worn down by contact with upper teeth.
When is it not necessary to have oxygen inhalation equipment for emergencies?
When there is nitrous oxide equipment set up in each room Oxygen inhalation equipment should be on hand for emergencies. Emergency equipment is not necessary when there is nitrous oxide equipment set up in each room. This mean oxygen is already available to administer.
The dental clinic must take which action to PREVENT lawsuits?
Follow all related regulations and board recommendations The BEST safeguard against malpractice suits is for dental clinics to follow related regulations and board recommendations. The clinic, when possible, should implement the latest technology and safety equipment. The staff should also try to maintain good patient relationships by providing follow-up and education. However, the best protect is to follow the regulations and recommendations of professional organizations.
The site most often used when obtaining a patient’s pulse is the
Radial artery The radial artery is the main artery of the lateral aspect of the forearm. It is the most accessible site to the dental professional for obtaining an accurate pulse reading
Which of the following is NOT used to carve occlusional anatomy
Gold finishing knife The Gold finishing knife is used to trim excess filling material in the interproximal surfaces. Any carver can be used to carve occlusional anatomy.
An oval-shaped dental dam frame is known as which of the following?
Dental dam frames can come in plastic or metal, and may be oval or U-shaped. An oval dental dam frame is known as an Ostby frame.
Which of the following patients should NOT be administered nitrous oxide?
A female patient who is in her 9th week of pregnancyNitrous oxide should not be administered to patients who are pregnant or may be pregnant. It is recommended that dental work be postponed until after the birth of the baby, if at all possible
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a stroke
Alertness Strokes can cause fogginess and loss of consciousness. An alert patient is probably not having a stroke. The other answers are symptoms of a stroke.
The right maxillary first molar is designated with which number in the Universal Numbering System?
3 The Universal Numbering System assigns a unique number to each tooth, making for easier charting. The right maxillary third molar is designated 1, and the count continues to the left. This makes the right maxillary first molar 3
Dentals waxes have different forms, compositions, and usage. Low-fusing impression wax is used in:
Relining and rebasing dentures When pressure is applied, low-fusing impression wax flows somewhat into the mouth to provide an impression. It is often used in relining and rebasing dentures.
The wavy, branching tubes which make up dentin are known as which of following?
Canaliculi Dentin is a form of ossified tissue, though it varies from bone and other ossified tissues. It is composed of wavy, branching tubes, called dental canaliculi, in a matrix.
Which dental cement adheres to acid-etched tooth surfaces AND is used for ceramic restorations as well as orthodontics?
Composite Composite cements are commonly used for ceramic restorations and orthodontic brackets. Composites will adhere to acid-etched tooth surfaces and cavities. They are strong cements.
Duties that can be performed by a dental assistant are determined by
State law State law determines the duties of dental assistants. These regulations are found in the State Dental Practice Act.
Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of fluoride?
It kills bacteria on contact Fluoride is not antibacterial. However, by lowering the acid of the saliva, it creates an environment where it is more difficult for bacteria to grow and reproduce. It also ionizes enamel, strengthening it, and is a key factor in the remineralization process.
Which of the following is not true of alginate?
It gives off heat when mixed Alginate does not give off heat when mixed. This is a characteristic of gypsum plasters and products which may also be used in dental practice.
You are preparing an instrument tray for a routine tooth extraction. Which of the following is NOT a standard part of this set up?
Surgical bur Surgical burs are not standard for tooth extractions. The operator will let you know if instruments in addition to the standard extraction tray, which includes forceps holding air, instrument forceps, periosteal and root elevators, and gauze sponges, are needed.
An instrument with an explorer on one end and a periodontal probe on the other is known as which of the following?
Expro The expro is a double-ended instrument with an explorer on one end and a periodontal probe on the other. It is a combination instrument and helps cut down on the number of instruments on the tray because it can accomplish several tasks.
Which of the following patients should NOT be administered nitrous oxide?
A female patient who suspects she may be pregnant but has not yet had a positive pregnancy test Nitrous oxide should not be administered to patients who are pregnant or may be pregnant. It is recommended that dental work be postponed until after the birth of the baby, if at all possible.
What mineral necessary for oral health may be lacking in the diet of a vegan or vegetarian?
Calcium The answer requires a mineral, so B and C are incorrect. It is possible for vegans and vegetarians get enough nutrition. Vitamin D and calcium, however, may be lacking in the diets of vegans and vegetarians if they are not careful.
Air abrasion may be used for all but which of the following procedures?
Air abrasion uses pressurized air and an abrasive. It may be used to clean fissures, prepare small cavities, cleaning restorations, roughen the inside of restorations before bonding, and to make special repairs to some restorations.
Of the following which is NOT considered to be an important measure to take for the prevention of emergency situations:
Unconsciousness Unconsciousness is not an important measure to take for the prevention of emergency situations. Unconsciousness of a patient is a serious situation that requires immediate attention.
Hard replicas of the teeth and soft tissues of the oral cavity, made of gypsum products, are known as which of the following?
Casts are hard replicas of the patient’s teeth and soft tissues. Casts are made of gypsum products such as plaster of Paris
Which of the following instruments would you choose when a beveled subgingival margin is needed for a crown preparation?
Diamond burs are used to rapidly reduce teeth in preparation for various restorations. If a beveled subgingival margin is needed for a crown preparation, the diamond bur flame is the best instrument choice.
Which of the following is true of dental pulp?
It is rich in nerves and blood vessels Teeth contain dental pulp, which is a loose connective tissue. Dental pulp is rich in vessels and nerves.
Which of the following impression materials produces alcohol as a liquid by-product?
Condensation silicone Condensation silicone is a rubber impression material. It is highly accurate. However, it also produces liquid alcohol as a by-product.
Dental molds are commonly made from
Plaster Dental molds are commonly made from plaster. The mold makes a record of the patient’s dentition. The accuracy of the mold depends on how well an impression is made of the dentition.
The laboratory handpiece can be used to do all but which of the following?
Which of the following is NOT true of fluoride and dental caries?
Fluoride can heal a fully developed dental carie.Once a cavity has developed, fluoride cannot heal it. Restoration will likely be necessary. Fluoride can help prevent caries, and can slow the growth of lesions on the teeth. Fluoridated water is the most effective and efficient method of fluoride supplementation for the prevention of caries.
All but which of the following are appropriate interventions for a patient who has developed dry socket?
Taking oral antibiotics Antibiotic therapy is not necessary for dry socket, as the condition is self-limiting. Patients may find relief by having the socket rinsed and packed with a sedative dressing Oral analgesics, either OTC or prescription, are also helpful.
Patient reception should initiate referrals:
Only when directed by the dentist Front office staff and dental assistants should not initiate referrals on their own. They should ONLY initiate referrals when directed by the dentist or in some cases the dental hygienist.
For which of the following procedures would you prepare an instrument tray including broaches?
Root canal Broaches are instruments that can be used to explore the pulpal canal. They are used during endodontic procedures, including root canals.
Which of the following is the LARGEST size of tapered fissure cross-cut bur?
703 Tapered fissure cross-cut burs are used to form the divergent walls of cavity preparations. They are also use to place retention grooves in preparations. These instruments come in a variety of sizes, with 699 being the smallest and 703 being the largest.
The major benefit of digital imaging in dentistry is its:
Ability to computer enhance images The major benefit of digital imaging is that it enhances images and makes them larger and clearer than traditional dental radiography. It also cuts down on exposure time.
Besides preventing a patient from having to hold the film, another advantage of film holding device is:
Minimizing distortion of the image Film holding devices prevent the patient from having to hold the film. Holding devices also allow the film to be placed parallel to the teeth, which minimizes distortion of the image.
If an image shows two different images superimposed:
If the same film is exposed twice, the resulting image is two different images superimposed. It is important that exposed film be placed separate from unexposed film.
What is done to prevent infections spreading from the film packets?
Wear gloves It is important to practice infection control. Disinfecting film will destroy the image on the film. Wear gloves when handling film to prevent contamination.
The operator should follow proper radiation procedures
To protect themselves from damaging their own living tissue If the operator is exposed to radiation during an x-ray, they can cause damage to their own living tissue. The operator needs to protect the patients as well as themselves. The more exposure to radiation that occurs to the body, the more damage that may happen.
Individual states have regulations to protect both patients and workers in the dental setting. Some examples of State requirements include all of the following EXCEPT for:
Treatment protocols State laws and regulations govern specific use of ionizing radiation in dental clinics. Some of the requirements established to protect both patients and personnel include supervision of radiography personnel, inspection and testing of x-ray equipment, training and certification as well as record keeping. In regards to radiography regulations, the states do not specify treatment protocol.
Another dental office is requesting for a patient’s records to be sent to their office for review. What form of the record should the radiographer send?
Scatter radiation is radiation that has done what?
Scattered radiation, also known as secondary radiation, is radiation that has deviated from the original primary radiation path, or ‘scattered’ from the target. This normally occurs when the beam has been interrupted, such as after hitting a barrier or a reflector. It is important that the employee take protective caution against this radiation, even if they are not in the primary path.
A panoramic will return to start for what reason?
Exposure stopped When an exposure stops before it is complete, most machines will stops and return to the beginning position. Older machines may not have this feature. An exposure that stops, there will be a vertical, white line on the image.
If all precautions and guidelines are followed, the technician should never receive what?
Primary radiation is only supposed to be directed to the patient, who has been properly prepped to receive it. Primary radiation can be hazardous to the technician (who has not been prepared). The technician should follow all prep and procedure precautions and guidelines to ensure they are not exposed to the primary radiation beam and reduce the risk of being exposed to any secondary radiation as well.
Which of the following types of cells are most susceptible to radiation damage?
Bone marrow Bone marrow cells are key components of the immune system and are always regenerating and creating new cells. These cells are easily manipulated or destroyed by radiation rays, therefore extra safety measures are usually taken to either eliminate or greatly reduce a patient’s radiation exposure.
The best way to dispose of used dental film is to:
Contact an off-site silver reclamation company for removal A silver reclamation company is the best way to dispose of used dental film. The film contains silver which can be reclaimed and there are several silver reclamation companies who accept used dental film and used fixer solution.
The standard film size used for bitewing radiographs is
Size 2 Size 2 is the standard film size to be used for bitewings. Size 0 and 1 can be used for children with primary teeth. Size 3 is specially made for an extra long bitewing.
What is visible in this x-ray?
This is a panoramic x-ray of the patient’s jaw. Screws used to reconstruct the patient’s jaw bone are present on each side of the jaw.
Pain radiating through the patient’s upper right 1st molar
The dentist is responsible for the patient’s safety. He/she needs to make sure the staff follows all regulations, and the patient is protected.
Which worker(s) need training on radiographic safety? Choose the BEST answer.
All dental assistants involved in any aspect of the production of x-rays Dental assistants who process x-rays as well as those who take films need radiation safety training. All dental assistants involved in x-ray production should be familiar with how to reduce exposure through various methods.
When duplicating a patient’s film, the longer the film is exposed to the light, the _______ the film becomes.
The film used to duplicate an already processed image is more sensitive to light so it becomes lighter when exposed. This is the exact opposite of regular film exposure, which becomes darker the more it is exposed to light.
There are dark spots on an image that form a pattern. What is the most likely cause?
Both developer stains and dirty rollers leave dark spots. The dark spots on images that create a pattern are caused by dirty rollers
A patient feels as though he or she will fall without grasping the hand holds during a panoramic. What does this indicate
The position is correct Correct positioning is important for the panoramic. The patient needs to hold the hand holds to keep from hitting the cassette. The patient should feel like he or she will fall without holding the hand hold.
What is a purpose of a film holder?
Film holders help position the film. Holding the film with fingers increases the radiation that a patient is exposed to with each exposure.
What causes too much contrast in a radiograph
Low kVp kVp controls the contrast in the radiograph. Low kVp causes excessive contrast. It will also create an image that is too light.
The chemical that builds black and gray tones of the image is:
Metol is the chemical that builds the black and gray tones of the image. Another chemical that accomplishes the same purpose is hydroquinone.
Which tank of an automatic processor should be filled first?
The fixer tank should be filled first in an automatic processor. This will prevent any cross contamination with the developer.
Approximately how many individual films are mounted in a full mouth survey?
A full mouth survey mount consists of at least 18 radiographs: 4 bite wing films, which are taken at an angle and are meant to specifically to look for decay, and 14 various periapical films, which are taken from different angles to show the tips of the roots and the supporting bone. Additional films may be taken if more specific views are needed and are usually added to the patient’s file.
Collimated x-ray beams
Focus on a centralized area Collimated beams are centralized into one direct area. Radiation is limited to a smaller area. A non-collimated beam covers a larger area, and causes radiation to be spread over a larger area
Splashes of fixer solution on the radiograph prior to processing will cause:
White spots on the image Splashes of fixer solution on the radiograph prior to processing will cause white spots to appear on the film. Processing solutions affect the quality of the film image.
Film barriers:
Protect film from direct contamination Film barriers protect the film from direct contamination. They can be made of cardboard, plastic, etc.
Film cassettes allow operators to capture radiographic images with less exposure than with direct x-rays alone. Film cassettes are used for what purpose?
Panoramic x-rays Film cassettes are used to capture panoramic x-rays. They are also used for cephalometric radiography. These two techniques are considered extra-oral radiography.
Facial mounting is a way to view mounted film and radiographs when the embossed dots appear _____________
Facial mounting is another view that is mounted from the facial aspect in the correct anatomical position. From this view the embossed dots are facing upward and is usually done right after a patient’s films are processed.
With guidelines set by the federal government for radiation use, we find
Patient’s exposure to radiation is low The federal government, state government, and local agencies have set strict guidelines in regards to the use of radiation on patients. The equipment must meet guidelines, and the amount of radiation that is exposed to the patient must be met or be below the standard.
A stepwedge serves what function?
Records a range of densities from black to white A stepwedge records a range of densities from black to white. The stepwedge can then be used as a reference for comparing other images.
Film speed is not determined by:
Black paper in film packet Film speed is determined by the size of silver crystals, the thickness of the emulsion, and special radiosensitive dyes. The black paper in the film packet does not affect film speed.
The luminosity of a clinic’s radiographic viewbox has decreased over the past few weeks. The most LIKELY cause is:
An old bulb The viewbox used to mount and read films must be properly maintained. An old bulb or dirt accumulated on the illuminator front can cause the luminosity of the viewbox to decreased. Aged bulbs should be changed as soon as they start to darken. The illuminator front should be cleaned regularly
A dental office has a round collimator on its x-ray equipment. What is the MOST practical action it can take to reduce patient exposure?
Purchase a converter to make the round collimator rectangular The round collimator exposes the patient’s tissue to more radiation. The rectangular collimator narrows the beam. Dental offices can purchase a fitting to convert round collimators to rectangular. This action is the most practical answer choice for the clinic in this example.
At what temperature should film be stored?
60 degrees F Film must be stored carefully. The environment should be dry. The ideal temperature is between 50 and 70 degrees F
What should the humidity be where film is stored?
40 percent Humidity will prevent static from interfering with radiographs. The room the film is stored in should be kept between 30 and 50 percent humidity. This makes 40 percent the best answer choice.
A high milliampere setting produces a
The higher the milliamperes the more intense the x-ray beam. Therefore, the a high milliamperes setting will produce a darker image.
When exposing films, an operator should be located where?
Behind a barrier An operator should always protect themselves from radiation. They should place themselves behind a barrier or at least 6 feet away from the patient, if none exists.
The patient’s x-ray shows ____.
This x-ray shows a plethora of issues that this patient’s teeth have. For example, the patient has a collapsed bite, veneers, and root canals. However, this x-ray does not show black teeth, milk teeth, or severe plaque build-up.
If the operator wants to change from the long scale (low contrast) film technique to a short scale (high contrast) film technique while maintaining the same density, he should:
If the operator wants to change from the long scale (low contrast) film technique to a short scale (high contrast) film technique while maintaining the same density, he should:
To obtain the patient’s cooperation when dental X-rays must be taken, dental professionals should:
Explain the procedure in terms the patient can understand To obtain the patient’s cooperation when dental X-rays are required, the procedure should be fully explained in terms that the patient can understand. This is especially true if the patient is a child and is uncooperative due to fear of the procedure.
What should be used on panels between patients?
Surface disinfectant Surface disinfectants are necessary to clean surfaces between patients. The surface disinfectant can be used on the panel. It is also used on the chair and the tube.
According to the National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements, the occupational radiation dose for a pregnant worker should not exceed:
0.5 mSv per month The National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements establishes occupational exposure limits in the US. The occupational radiation limit for pregnant personnel should not exceed 0.5 mSv per month.
To avoid radiation being spread to a larger area of the patient’s body, the PID should
The PID should be placed close to the patient’s skin, in order to avoid radiation from spreading to other areas of the face or body. The closer the PID, the more direct the radiation exposure will be.
Primary beams are not always fully absorbed by the patient so operators should:
Consider it to extend until it reaches a protective shield Since primary beams are not fully absorbed by the patient, the operator should consider it to extend until it reaches a shield. Also, sometimes primary beams scatter after reaching the patient so operators must always keep a safe distance or stand behind a shield.
Old film can cause
: Foggy images Old film can cause foggy images. Foggy radiographs can also be caused by exposing the film to light before developing.
The radiation that patients are exposed to in dental x-rays
Is very low The radiation that patients are exposed to is very low. The patients are protected by lead aprons, and everything possible is done for their safety.
Of the following x-ray types, which is this image?
Bitewing x-rays give a picture of the relationship between the upper and lower back teeth. Dentists use Bitewing x-rays to find decay between teeth as well bone loss due to infection or severe gum disease.
The ideal storage conditions for dental X-ray film are:
50 – 75 degrees with a relative humidity of 40 to 60 degrees Ideal storage conditions for dental X-ray film is 50 to 75 degrees with a relative humidity of 40 to 60 degrees. Film stored at 60 degrees can be kept for six months. At 50 degrees the film can be kept for one year.
The best technique to use before placing an implant is the:
Before placing an implant, the patient’s bone quality and quantity need to be examined and anatomical structures located. The panoramic technique is best for this purpose
The maximum permissible level of radiation (per year) for nonpregnant dental workers is:
50 millisieverts (mSv) The occupationally permissible level of whole-body radiation exposure is 10 times higher for nonpregnant workers than for pregnant workers. The permissible level for nonpregnant workers is 50 millisievert (mSv) per year.
What is an appropriate alternative to disinfecting clinical contact surfaces?
Barriers Surface asepsis requires disinfection or barriers. Many offices use barriers on a disinfected surface. Barriers are a suitable alternative for disinfection
Dental health care workers can stop the transmission of bloodborne pathogens by vaccinating against:
Hepatitis B The Centers for Disease Control strongly recommend that healthcare workers take strict measures to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens. Health workers are encouraged to receive the vaccine against the Hepatitis B virus to stop the transmission of this pathogen.
Sodium hypochlorite is a common active ingredient of which of the following disinfectants?
Chlorine The following consists of active ingredients in the preceding types of disinfectants. Chlorine – sodium hypochlorite Iodophor – butoxypolypropoxypolyethoxyethanol-iodine complex PCMX – p-Chloro-m-xylenol First generation quaternary ammonium compound – benzalkonium chloride
A biologic indicator comes back positive but the chemical indicator and mechanical indicators are normal. What is the appropriate step?
Repeat the test Operator mistakes could cause a false positive. If the other indicators are normal, the test should be repeated. A second positive test should be taken seriously.
What type of transmission occurs when the impressions are not disinfected
Office to community Disease transmission can occur from the office to the community. Contaminated clothing and hands transmit to the community. Not disinfecting impressions is another mode of transmission.
Items being disposed of are placed in a secondary container. What is the appropriate action?
Label secondary container Containers of disposed items always need to be labeled. It should be labeled at the same time as the container changes.
Which of the following is NOT true of the unsaturated chemical vapor method of sterilization?
Once the cycle is complete, the instruments take a long time to dry The instruments inside the machine dry quickly following the cycle. The cycle itself takes a short period of time as well.
After cleaning, what should be done with the utility gloves?
Wash and remove them Utility gloves are not disposable. They should be washed while they are worn. They dry once they are removed
What determines if a hepatitis B vaccine is successful?
: Blood test Seroconversion is the immunity that develops from a vaccine. A blood test will determine the seroconversion rate. This determines whether a vaccine is effective.
What is an alternative for liquid sterilization?
Ethylene oxide Ethylene oxide may be room temperature, and automatic models reach 120 F. This is an alternative for liquid sterilization. It has the advantage of biologic testing.
Which of the following is NOT required on the Material Safety Data Sheet?
None of these There are at least 13 pieces of information that must be included on the MSDS. Additionally, MSDSs must be available to OSHA representatives when requested.
The purpose of utility gloves is to:
Handle instruments while preparing for sterilization The handling of instruments while preparing them for sterilization is one of the uses of utility gloves. They are recommended by OSHA to be used when disinfecting the operatory as well.
Which of the following can be used as a barrier for lights?
Shower cap Barriers should be placed in the exam room. Exam lights should be covered. A shower cap will work because it is easily removed between patients.
Which color would a warning label be if can cause skin irritation?
Blue The color blue indicates a health hazard. A chemical that can cause irritation is a health hazard. It will have the color blue
Which of the following is the BEST example of what a dental assistant should wear when working in a moderate-level exposure environment?
Fluid resistant gown The type of exposure to contamination determines the most suitable type of protective clothing that should be worn. Lab coats are typically worn when low level exposure is present. Fluid proof aprons and head and foot coverings are worn in cases of high level exposure.
When packaging instruments, the dental assistant used gauze pads. What did she most likely use them for?
Heat sealers are used to seal nylon plastic instrument packaging tubing. Heat-resistant tape seals wrapped cassettes. Spore tests are used to monitor sterilizers and make sure they are functioning properly.
Barriers should be used rather than disinfection for which of the following?
Electrical equipment Disinfection can damage electrical equipment. It is better to use barriers for electrical equipment to prevent possible damage.
In dealing with a patient with active tuberculosis, the dental healthcare worker should:
Refer the patient to the attending physician until patient is considered stable. A patient with active tuberculosis should be referred to his or her attending physician until considered stable. A patient with non-active tuberculosis may be treated as any other patient.
Which of the PPEs is applied last?
Gloves Personal Protective Equipment PPE should be applied and removed in a specific order. Gloves are applied last. This limits their contamination.
If performing a long procedure, how often should the face mask be changed?
Once per hour To avoid compromising the integrity of the face mask, it should be changed once per hour in the cases of long procedures. If heavily soiled, it should be changed more often.
What is the number of holes in the standard handpiece hose for dental units?
The high-speed handpiece hose with connector is commonly used as the dental unit water line. There are two small and two larger wholes to make the connection between the two pieces.
At this infectious disease stage, symptoms of the illness have manifested and the individual is obviously sick.
There are four stages of infectious disease. Incubation: The time when the infectious agent enters the body, but recognizable symptoms have not yet appeared. Prodromal: The first symptoms of the illness appear. Acute: Symptoms of the illness are obvious. Convalescent: The number of microorganisms decreases or they become less effective.
A dental team in a large clinic wishes to incorporate a new program for teeth whitening and educating patients on the use of whitener products. They examine several new products on the market and review research regarding the products. The BEST products have research that:
Is clinically tested with random trials The dental professional should stay current on research findings and use evidence-based research to support new products, engineering or work practice controls. The most effective way to educate patients is to use information that is not highly technical and that conveys a simple objective message. The BEST research is based on randomized clinical trials.
Of the following, what information is NOT required to be included on the MSDS?
There are at least 13 pieces of information that must be included on the MSDS. Additionally, MSDSs must be available to OSHA representatives when requested.
What is/are the Universal Precaution(s) for prevention of transmitting blood- borne pathogens among patients?
Careful handling of sharp instruments; rubber dams; proper hand washing; use of protective barriers These are all universal precautions to prevent transmission of blood- borne pathogens under CDC guidelines. They help prevent diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.
One reason OSHA prohibits home laundering of personal protective equipment is:
Employers cannot ensure proper procedures for handling contaminated item Employers cannot ensure proper procedures for handling contaminated item so employees are prohibited from taking personal protective equipment home to launder. Additionally, contaminated personal protective equipment can spread disease to employees homes.
An ultrasonic cleaner is used to:
Loosen debris from dental instruments Loosening debris from dental instruments is one of the uses of an ultrasonic cleaner. It is also used to pre-clean instruments. Ultrasonic cleaners use sound waves and is a safer and more effective method than scrubbing the instruments by hand.
PPE worn during each dental procedure is determined by:
OSHA determines the PPE worn by all dental professionals. OSHA is primarily responsible for infection control measures utilized in the U.S
How long does an emergency flash steam last?
5 min The autoclave can be used for a steam flash. This is only used in emergencies. The items are not packaged, and the steam lasts 5 minutes
The exact concentration of fluorine in water supplies is the:
The exact concentration of fluorine in drinking water varies by community. Dental workers can contact their local water departments to obtain the measurements for their area.
Employers inform employees of chemical hazards by providing:
Chemical information sheets Employers can inform employees of chemical hazards by using color-coded labels, providing instructions of safe use, or providing chemical information sheets. Chemical information sheets may also be known as Material Safety Data Sheets, or MSDS.
What agency enforces the standard for the microbial quality of drinking water?
EPA The Environmental Protection Agency enforces the standard for the microbial quality of drinking water. The standard is no more than a total of 500 CFU/mL of noncoliform bacteria.
Uniforms are not considered personal protective equipment because
They are made of materials permeable to microorganisms Uniforms are not personal protective equipment because they do not provide a sufficient level of protection from chemicals, contaminants, or pathogens. Uniforms are made of materials microorganisms and fluids can permeate.
Of the following, what packaging materials CANNOT be utilized with dry heat sterilizers?
Paper/plastic peel pouches In addition to Choices A, B and D, closed containers and aluminum foil are used with dry heat sterilizers. Paper/plastic peel pouches can be used steam autoclave and unsaturated chemical sterilizers.
It has been determined that a food additive is the agent that caused a patient’s dental disease. What type of agent is a food additive?
Chemical There are three types of agents associated with the chain of infection: chemical, physical and biological. Physical agents include environmental factors such as noise and light. Biological agents are viruses, bacteria, etc. In addition to food additives, medications and pesticides are chemical agents.
Of the following, which is true of clean instruments.
Although they are ready to be used on the next patient, they are not considered sterile. This means even after being cleaned, they could still potentially harbor pathogens.
Disposal facial masks cannot protect wearers tuberculosis because
They are ineffective air filters Disposal face masks are ineffective air filters. They do not fit tightly, and they provide a poor seal. Therefore, disposal face masks cannot protect wearers from airborne pathogens such as Tuberculosis.
It is important to understand the label for a hazardous chemical. Red means:
A red label indicates high probability the product is a hazardous chemical. This product is highly flammable and possibly combustible if heated
To prevent exposure to blood borne pathogens, all dental offices must have:
To prevent exposure to blood borne pathogens, all dental offices must have a written control plan, employee training, and universal precautions. Additionally, regulated waste must be properly contained and discarded.
A surgical mask should have which percentage of bacterial filtration
A surgical mask protects the mucous membranes from contamination. They should have a 95% bacterial filtration. This will protect both the patient and wearer.
As per OSHA regulation, occupational exposure to elemental mercury is not to exceed what?
With regard to occupational exposure to mercury, OSHA has established to separate rules when it comes to organic and elemental mercury. Exposure to organic mercury is not to exceed 0.05mg/m³. Exposure to elemental mercury is not to exceed 0.05mg/m³.
The MOST effective way to prepare each employee with information and actions to take in case of exposure or accident is to:
Hold a staff meeting and summarize each section of the manual The easiest way to prepare each employee with information and actions to take in case of exposure or accident is to hold a staff meeting and summarize each section of the manual. Additionally, each staff member should know the location of the emergency eyewash station, fire extinguisher, first aid kit, and bio-hazard waste disposals.
What occurs when illness is transferred from one person to another?
Cross-infection There are different means to transmit infection. Cross-infection occurs when the illness is transferred from one person to another.
OSHA specifies that all dental professionals who have exudative lesions or weeping dermatitis on their hands:
All dental professionals who have exudative lesions or weeping dermatitis should avoid direct patient care. Such personnel should also refrain from handling dental equipment.
Of the following, which would NOT MOST likely be damaged by heat-based sterilization?
The majority of reusable items can withstand heat-based sterilization. However, rubber dam frames, shade guides, and x-ray film-holding devices are known for commonly being damaged by heat
How long should lines dry after air purging?
Overnight Air purging should be done at the end of the day. The lines should dry overnight. This will help prevent biofilm buildup.
How should water be turned on and off without an automatic knee control?
The faucet should not be touched directly. A paper towel is disposable. A disposable paper towel is necessary to prevent contamination.
Where should clean supplies and instruments be stored within a dental care health facility?
They should be stored in closed or covered cabinets, if possible Clean supplies should be kept as such. Cabinets that are securely closed are desired.
What is the approach to disinfection and sterilization of patient care items and equipment?
Spaulding Classification outlines the various categories of devices (i.e. critical, semi-critical and noncritical). This explains their potential risk of disease transmission and the best methods for decontaminating the items.
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