DENTAL ASSISTANT ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 4
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An advantage of elastomers over alginate is elastomers:
Elastomer material is more stable and accurate than alginate material. So, elastomers give better impressions than alginate. Elastomeric impressions resist distortion more after setting and are rubber-like and flexible. Also, they do not dry out like alginate impressions.
The crown cementation appointment is scheduled:
Two weeks after the crown preparation appointment is the time to schedule the crown cementation appointment. It is important for the dental assistant to know how long the lab needs to prepare the crown and return it to the dental office so that the proper appointment date can be scheduled.
Which of the following would you use to separate the periosteum prior to extraction?
Periosteal elevators are double-ended instruments used to separate the periosteum and gingival tissues prior to extraction. They are often pointed at one end and rounded at the other.
What is an irrigator NOT effective at removing
Irrigation is not a replacement for brushing teeth. It will remove debris and food particles. It will not, however, remove plaque.
Absorbent paper points are used for all but which of the following?
Absorbent paper points are used to dry canals after root canal. They are also used to take cultures of the canal or deliver medication. A patient’s occlusion is measured with articulating paper.
Call EMS if a patient with diabetes ____
Loses consciousness Be careful with diabetic patients. They are at risk of falling into a diabetic coma. All of the symptoms listed may require insulin treatment. It is necessary to call EMS, however, if the patient loses consciousness.
Which of the following is NOT true of alginate?
Alginate is the most widely used impression material in the dental office. However, it lacks the accuracy and fine surface detail necessary for impressions of the crown and bridge. Alginate is an irreversible hydrocolloid.
The chemical reactor for silicone-based products must be stored in a cool place because it:
The chemical reactor for silicone-based impression materials may come as a bottled liquid or a tube of paste. It must be stored in a cool place because it deteriorates after six months.
An informed consent form does NOT include:
Payment plan The payment plan is not included in the informed consent form. Although financial records of a patient’s dental care is part of the patient’s records, it is not a part of the informed consent form.
Which of the following is NOT true of conscious sedation?
Local anesthesia is used with all methods of sedation and pain control in dentistry. In conscious sedation, the patient is put into a depressed state of consciousness. He or she is able to obey commands and independently maintain an airway, but will have little to no memory of being in surgery
In which of the following instances would you choose a flat-end taper diamond bur?
The diamond bur flat-end taper is used to rapidly reduce tooth material when a square shoulder is needed for a crown preparation. Like all other diamond burs, this instrument comes in a variety of grits and sizes.
All but which of the following can be used to remove necrotic tissue during endodontic procedures?
Brooches are used to pulp from the tooth or for exploring its canal
Class V motions involve which of the following?
Class V movements are those that involve the twisting of the trunk. Four-handed dentistry techniques seek to minimize or eliminate these in patient treatment.
For which of the following would you choose an inverted cone bur
Inverted cone burs are used to remove caries and to make undercuts in preparation for retention. They come in a variety of sizes and may have long or short heads
All but which of the following are potentially cariogenic?
Also known as xylitols, sugar alcohols may be cariostatic. Starchy foods, sugary foods and liquids, and some liquid medicines can all increase caries risk.
The surface of a tooth that touches other teeth is known as which of the following?
The surface where one tooth touches another is known as the surface of contact. The buccal surface is the surface closest to the cheek, while the lingual surface is that closest to the tongue.
The patient’s treatment plan and pre-existing conditions are listed in
The clinical chart lists the treatment plan and the patient’s pre-existing conditions. It also contains information on services rendered.
You are collecting clinical data from a patient who reports that her gums have been bleeding during tooth brushing. She also complains of a persistent bad taste in her mouth, despite daily mouthwash and chewing gum. This patient is displaying symptoms of which of the following?
While gum and periodontal disease may progress painlessly, there are some common symptoms. Gums that bleed, especially during tooth brushing, are a common sign. Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth are also associated with gum disease.
Which of the following would you choose to form the divergent walls of a cavity preparation?
The tapered fissure straight bur is used to make the divergent (angled) walls of a cavity preparation. Plain fissure burs are typically used to make the straight walls of a preparation rather than the divergent ones.
Gingival pockets of which of the following sizes indicate severe periodontal disease?
In healthy gums, the pockets should be between 0 and 1 mm. Pockets between 1 and 2 mm indicate mild gingivitis. Pockets greater than 5 mm indicate serious periodontal disease.
When performing surgical bur exchange, where should the operator hold the handpiece?
Bur transfer should take place over the patient’s chest. The assistant will remove the used bur, attach the new one selected, and give it a slight tug to ensure it is properly attached.
A patient who is experiencing parasthesia would be expected to display all but which of the following?
Parasthesia is a common side effect of many local anesthesia. The eye might droop and a feeling of numbness may spread throughout the face or jaw. This is temporary and passes in a short time. Patient should exercise care when chewing or speaking.
Parasthesia is a common side effect of which of the following?
Parasthesia is a common side effect of many local anesthetics. The eye might droop and a feeling of numbness may spread throughout the face or jaw. This is temporary and passes in a short time. Patient should exercise care when chewing or speaking.
Which of the following is NOT true of children and fluoridated toothpaste?
Fluoridated toothpaste is a key method of preventing caries. Children age 2 and over should brush with fluoridated toothpaste. Parents should give small children only a pea sized amount of paste. All children younger than 6 or 7 should be closely supervised when brushing with fluoridated toothpaste to minimize swallowing.
The levator is part of which oral structure?
The levator is part of the palate. This is the soft area of the upper mouth that is used to help facilitate swallowing and speaking.
Emergency drugs should be checked after a few ______.
Medications expire. It is necessary to check medications every few months and replace the out of date medications
You are assisting with treatment of a patient who faints after receiving an injection. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate intervention for this patient?
Patients who have fainted should be encouraged to remain in a semi-recumbent position and to take deep breaths. If the patient has trouble staying alert, smelling salts (spirits of ammonia) may also be helpful.
When preparing a room for treatment, the mobile cart in most places should be placed in which of the following locations?
In most cases, the mobile cart will be located behind the patient’s head. It should be placed slightly to the left of the patient’s head, which will place it on the operator’s right.
Which of the following is NOT one of the muscles that contributes to the formation of the cheek?
The cheek’s framework is provided by the buccinator. The zygomaticus and risorious also help comprise the cheek. The levator is part of the palat
Where is the static zone located?
Large equipment is placed in the static zone. This zone is from 12 to 2 o’clock on the imaginary clock. The static zone allows for rear delivery of equipment.
All of the following are true of controlled substances EXCEPT for they:
Controlled substances require a dentist’s prescription and must be stored under restricted access. They require inventory records to be completed and kept. They also MUST be routinely reported to the appropriate governmental agencies.
What is a risk if patients use more fluoride supplements than directed?
Fluoride supplements are typically prescribed when water lacks fluoride and the patient is at risk of carries. Fluoride in water, toothpaste, and mouthwash can affect the amount consumed, leasing to toxicity. Too much fluoride can cause GI upset and enamel fluorosis.
Which of the following instruments would you choose for rapid reduction of a tooth when a square shoulder is needed in a crown preparation?
The diamond bur flat-end taper is used to rapidly reduce tooth material when a square shoulder is needed for a crown preparation. Like all other diamond burs, this instrument comes in a variety of grits and sizes.
All but which of the following instruments are used in root planing procedures?
The jacquette is used to remove supragingival calculus. It is not used in root planing.
To treat an adult patient with cardiac arrest, the dental worker should
To treat an adult patient with cardiac arrest, the dental worker should call for help and start Crain children experiencing cardiac arrest, CPR should be started immediately and EMS should be called.
A patient must be kept warm if he or she experiences _____.
Shock may occur for different reasons. It may be induced by blood loss, psychological fears, allergies, or health conditions. A patient who experiences shock must be kept warm.
Which of the following should you NOT observe if a patient is positioned correctly?
If the patient is properly positioned, the legs should be slightly lower than the head. Elevating the legs above the head may lead to anxiety or circulation problems. The patient should be supine with no bending at the waist
Wedges are used to do all but which of the following?
Wedges are small, triangular pieces of wood or plastic. They are used to hold matrix bands in place tightly along the gingival margin during Class II cavity restoration. They are also used to ensure good contact between the restored tooth and an adjacent tooth, as well as to keep excess filling material from escaping between tooth and matrix band.
Which modality of professional fluoride application is the least effective?
Fluoride pastes are typically applied with routine cleanings. They are not as effective as foam, gel, or varnish at preventing decay in patients with a high risk.
Loss of gloss typically occurs _____
The point at which a gypsum product will no longer flow is known as loss of gloss. This occurs approximately 8-12 minutes after the start of mixing.
Which of the following is NOT true of four-handed dentistry?
Four-handed dentistry is done with the care providers in a seated position and the patient supine. The goal is to streamline care, eliminate unnecessary movement, and reduce fatigue, all with the goal of ensuring high quality care.
The emergency kit should be kept:
The emergency kit should be kept in a cool, dry area. Additionally, the kit should be maintained with current drugs.
Irreversible hydrocolloids are made of which of the following?
Irreversible hydrocolloids are alginate impression materials. They are mixed to a sol state and harden to a gel state as they cool. This process is permanent and cannot be reversed even with reheating.
The surface of a tooth that touches other teeth is known as which of the following?
The surface where one tooth touches another is known as the surface of contact. The buccal surface is the surface closest to the cheek, while the lingual surface is that closest to the tongue. The labial surface is closest to the lips.
Which of the following would you choose to clean a restoration
The air abrasion unit can be used to clean and make small repairs in restorations. It can also be used to clean fissures and prepare small cavities.
For which of the following procedures would you choose a hatchet?
Hatchets are typically double-ended, with a bevel on one end and a cutting edge on the other. They are used to refine cavity walls and to obtain retention in cavity preparations.
Latex and medications used in dentistry can cause:
Latex and medications used in dentistry can cause allergic reactions. These are considered minor allergies and are commonly seen in females.
Reamers, broaches, and files are all used in which of the following procedures?
Reamers, broaches, and files are all used in root canal. They are used to widen the canal, remove necrotic tissue, and smooth the sides of the canal.
Pluggers are also sometimes known as which of the following?
Also known as amalgam condensers, pluggers are used to push soft amalgam material into cavities. They may have smooth or serrated edges. They are strong enough to move amalgam but not hard enough to damage it.
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate technique in one-handed instrument exchange?
You should offer a new instrument with these fingers, grasping it on the end opposite from the working end. Used instruments should be grasped with the little finger.
An example of a STOCHASTIC effect of dental radiation is
A STOCHASTIC effect of radiation most commonly seen is cancer. However, gene mutations from radiation can occur and also be passed on to offspring.
MPD stands for
MPD stands for maximum permissible dose. This is the exposure limit that the operator is allowed to receive. An occupational worker should receive no higher than 5 Rem each year. Anything over that is dangerous.
How much radiation is a patient exposed to in a full mouth radiological appointment?
Radiation exposure from dental radiography is much less than environmental exposure. Environmental exposure is roughly 300 mrem. The exposure from 18 x-rays of a full mouth radiography is 1.5 mrem.
The film has a darkened edge. What is the most likely cause?
Film may be exposed to light inadvertently. This results in darkened edges around the film. Timing the processing better will prevent this problem.
How much should exposure time be reduced for an edentulous patient?
Average adult exposure time needs to be adjusted for an edentulous patient. The time should be reduced by 25 percent.
Fixing time is usually:
Fixing time takes twice as long as the developing time for films. Fixing the film prevents it from being discolored or fading.
Size 1 film would most likely be used to radiograph the:
In a 20 film mount full mouth set of X-rays, the central incisors, lateral incisors and cuspids are radiographed using size 1 film. Size 0 is used for dental radiographs of children.
The device that is used to evaluate X-ray machine effectiveness is:
The step wedge is a device that is used to evaluate X-ray machine effectiveness. It is also used to expose a film that compares to a reference X-ray for density. It is exposed only after the X-ray machine is tested by qualified personnel annually.
The function of the filters in an X-ray beam is to:
Aluminum filters are used to filter out the long waves. Only the short waves are useful in making the film images.
The operator should keep, ALARA in mind, and
ALARA reminds the operator to keep radiation levels as low as reasonably achievable, and that damage to the patient increases the longer they are exposed to radiation. Precautions should always be used in regards to patient radiation, and they should be given the lowest dose possible when receiving x-rays.
The purpose of filtration is to:
The purpose of filtration is to absorb long wavelength radiation. This prevents the patient from being exposed to long wavelength radiation from x-ray devices. Collimation restricts long wavelength radiation to the desired size.
Which size film would you use to examine the root of an incisor of an adult patient using periapical radiography?
periapical radiography takes film size one or two, depending on the focus. Size 1 works better for incisors. It is also useful for bicuspids.
The receptionist reports she is 6 weeks pregnant. The correct action is:
The pregnant receptionist does not need to monitor her exposure to radiation. However, she does need to notify her supervisor and avoid the x-ray area or radiation sources in the office.
Washing radiographs between placement in the developing and fixer solutions will:
Washing the radiographs between placement in the developing and fixer solutions will stop the action of the processing procedure. Additionally, washing films will remove the developer and avoids fixer contamination.
Where should film be placed immediately after exposure?
After exposure, film should be placed in a paper cup with the name of the patient. This is called the transfer cup. It helps to prevent the spread of germs.
Operator processing errors are less likely when
Operator errors when processing film is less likely with automatic processing. This is due to the fact that the temperature and developing and fixing times are being controlled by the automatic processor rather than the operator.
The type of dental film that is useful in locating impacted teeth is:
Panorex useful in locating impacted teeth. The most common use is to determine the status of wisdom teeth and trauma to the jaws.
A personal monitoring device is used to track how much radiation an employee has been exposed to and is also known as what?
A dosimeter is a device that measure’s an object’s exposure to something in the environment. For the DCHP, the dosimeter is used to measure an employee’s exposure to radiation while completing dental x-rays.
Current radiation safety guidelines are based on what?
According to ICRP, current guidelines for judging the effects of current radiation exposure, the principle is based up that thought that no amount of radiation is safe, and therefore should be avoided at all costs. But in the cases of medical x-rays and other radiation exposures, the goal is to keep it as low as possible.
Joshua is preparing to mount a patient’s films and is looking for the landmark in the midline of the patient’s mandible. What landmark is he looking for?
The genial tubercles are a small rounded elevation on the lingual surface of the mandible, located on either side of the midline near the inferior border. They not only serve as the entrance point of the geniohyoid muscles, but proves to be an easy landmark when trying to mount radiographs.
What is considered the main purpose of having radiographs mounted?
Radiographs that are mounted are easier and quicker to read and interpret results from, which can allow for treatment and assessment to begin sooner. Mounting radiographs also allows them to be stored easier and reduces the chance of damage to the film.
When a patient is having an x-ray done, they
Unless there are problems with overexposure, patients will not be able to indentify that radiation is in use. Radiation does not smell, is not touchable, and is not visible to the eye.
The dental assistant is using a size 2 receptor for anterior placements using the bisecting technique. Of the following, which radiograph would be exposed last?
Anterior placements using the bisecting technique are exposed in the following order: Tooth # 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
What is the fix if a panoramic radiograph is too light
The setting is too low if the picture is light. Increase the kVp or mA to improve the outcome. The automatic setting may also be increased if the kVp and mA are not adjustable.
On radiographic dental film, soft tissue is:
Soft tissue is radio-lucent. Soft tissue appears dark on dental film. Teeth and bony structures are radio-opaque and appear light or white on radiographic film.
What organization is responsible for making recommendations about the exposure limits people can endure?
The International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP)
The ICRP was created to monitor the amount of radiation not only exposed to employees, but to the environment as well. They are responsible for creating protective clothing guidelines, programs and standard radiation materials.
What will static electricity cause on a panoramic image
Static electricity will damage a panoramic image. The marks will look like black marks or clusters. Static will also cause lightning like images.
Which type of radiograph would you choose to detect supernumerary teeth in a patient and chart eruption?
Panoramic radiographs are used to detect anomalies such as supernumerary teeth. They also can chart tooth eruption. Occlusal radiographs also detect supernumerary teeth.
What type of dental structure appears radiopaque on a radiograph?
Radiopaque means much of the light does not pass through, which can make areas appear light or illuminated. Things that usually appear lit up on a film or radiograph image include metal fillings, enamel and dentin since they do not allow much light to pass through at the time of exposure.
Which of the following will make the image blur worse?
Both tubes and patients can move during an exposure. Patient movement, however, makes the image blur worse.
Which one of the following is not a factor in how often a patient receives x-rays?
Factors that affect how often a dentist will prescribe x-rays include oral health, age (young child have developing teeth that are more likely to be affected by decay), symptoms or oral disease. If x-rays are not needed they will not be prescribed, to save the patient from radiation exposure.
What shape of position-indicating device (PID) is the most effective in reducing patient exposure to radiation during a procedure?
Rectangular PIDs are most recommended by the ADA and AAOMR because the device is open-ended and shielded, which restricts the size of the radiation beam to the size of the dental film. This process allows the radiation to remain focused on the patient and reduces the volume of tissue exposed at the time.
X-ray films that stick together appear:
X-ray films that stick together appear green. To correct this situation, films should be refixed and reused.
In dental radiography, unwanted photons are a result of
When a primary x-ray beam is emitted, both long wavelength radiation and short wavelength radiation is emitted. The long wavelength radiation (photons) is low energy. These low energy photons are unwanted, which is why the recommendation for x-ray machine exposure setting is over 60 kVp.
What is a benefit of using dual film packets?
Dual film packets create two positives and two negatives in a single exposure. Extra images are useful in case it is necessary to identify a patient or there are cases of litigation. It is also more cost effective than taking two separate pictures thus exposing the patient to less radiation.
What is main service goal of patient dental radiology?
Dental radiology is a key service that can help a dentist diagnose and treat patients. However, with the risk of radiation exposure and patient well being, the main service goal is to obtain accurate and helpful information for the patient’s care and treatment plan, while also minimizing the patient’s exposure. Exposure can be kept to a minimum by only performing the procedures that are ordered and by reducing technical errors (which prevents retakes).
State agencies protect dental personnel by
State agencies perform many functions to protect the general public and dental workers. State agencies provide licensing and permits as well as inspecting facilities and testing equipment. Dental facilities should check with state agencies to ensure compliance with regulations.
The level of kVp is selected and adjusted for each procedure in order to accomplish what?
Every body part in the human body has a certain type of cellular composition, which requires an x-ray beam to be adjusted to the accurate amount of kVp to penetrate it. KVps are increased or lowered based upon the areas cellular make-up and how much energy is needed to capture the image on a radiograph.
When mounting radiographs for future viewing, the maxillary teeth are always what?
The maxillary teeth are the teeth of the upper jaw. When conducting x-rays, these teeth are viewed from a direct-on view and capture the teeth as pointing downward. The films are not flipped or changed when processed and/or mounted and will always be viewed from the gum down.
Scatter radiation occurs when the radiation beam _____
Scatter radiation is produced by the scattering of the main x-ray beam that is focused on the image receptor. This is caused when the photons and photo-electrons in the radiation beam change direction after interacting with a substance’s molecules after passing through the target point. Scatter radiation can be dangerous to the technician and usually harder to avoid.
What does the “red” on the x-ray MOST likely indicate?
On dental x-rays, “pain” indicated by a patient, is typically shown in red. An extra tooth would show up on the x-ray as a tooth, while a missing tooth would show up as an empty space. A CT Scan uses x-rays to view various parts of the body.
The patient has ___.
This x-ray shows that the patient has undergone extensive work. The patient has crowns, bridges, missing teeth, dental implants, veneers, and root canals
The darkroom should be free of all of the following except
Light, dirt, and spilled chemicals can all have a detrimental effect on the quality of the radiograph and should be kept out of the darkroom. Processing tanks should be kept covered in the darkroom when not in use. They should also be cleaned when processing solutions are replaced.
Film packages should always be stored:
Film packages should always be stored on the edge. Stacking or storing in a rack puts physical pressure on the film packets.
| During new assistant training in a large dental office, the topic of regulations and radiation safety is being discussed. What are general requirements for X-ray equipment? |
In dental radiography, x-ray equipment and use are governed by both federal and state regulations. Dental clinics must comply with all federal AND state regulations concerning the operation and maintenance of x-ray equipment regardless of the age of the equipment. Where local ordinances apply, dental clinics must also meet those requirements.
In this x-ray, ____ are removed from the patient’s teeth.
Fillings are used to “fill in” holes (cavities) in the teeth. The x-ray shows several teeth where fillings were removed.
What should be used for HEAVY cleaning of the processor?
Periodic systems cleaning for heavy buildup should occur every three to six months. When performing cleaning for heavier buildup, operators should use the systems cleaner recommended by the equipment manufacturer.
Long exposure time for dental X-ray film results in
The longer X-ray film is exposed, the darker the film will be. Additionally, higher mA and kVp will make the film dark.
Wendy has finished duplicating a patient’s mounted films for a referral. What does she do with the original file?
Patient films often have to be duplicated when they need to be viewed outside of the office, usually for a referral appointment or transfer. After Wendy properly mounts and duplicates the films, the original set is put back into the patients permanent file at the dentist’s office for the dentist to keep. The duplicates are then released to where they need to go.
How long will a patient need to be still for a panoramic radiograph?
Patients need to be still during a panoramic exposure. The exposure takes 15 seconds. Patients should be told how long to hold the position.
How long should a patient wait before rinsing after oral surgery?
Rinsing should be avoided for 24 hours after oral surgery. This will allow the clot to form, which will prevent dry socket.
Which glove is a suitable alternative to latex gloves?
A suitable alternative to latex gloves is nitrile. Vinyl gloves are also an alternative for patients and workers sensitive to latex.
In the dental office, handling of amalgam can pose a threat for:
In the dental office, improper handling of amalgam and mercury can pose a threat for dentists and assistants. Office managers and other front desk staff are not affected.
Removal intra-oral devices, such as dental handpieces, can be sterilized using:
Handpieces and other intra-oral devices that can be removed from air and water lines should be sterilized with ethylene oxide. Surface level disinfectants, such as alcohol and anti-microbial, should not be used. Alkaline based soaps may damage the equipment.
Emergency equipment/supplies required by OSHA for the dental office include(s):
Safety warning signs to indicate the location of eyewash, oxygen, and emergency kits OSHA requires that safety warning signs be posted to identify the location of emergency supplies such as oxygen, eyewash, and medical emergency kits. The oxygen tank and medical kit should be examined regularly to ensure that they are ready for use.
High-level disinfection should not be used on
High-level disinfection should be used on gross contaminated items requiring inactivation of microorganisms and their spores. High-level disinfection involves the use of chemical sterilants. Low and intermediate level disinfectants should be used on environmental surfaces.
What is necessary if engineering workplace controls are not capable of completely removing employee exposure?
Engineering workplace controls may eliminate potential exposure. They may not completely remove the risk. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is necessary when there is any risk of contamination according to OSHA.
How often should biologic monitoring be performed at a minimum?
Biological monitoring is necessary to ensure that sterilization is done correctly. It should be done at least once a week. It is also necessary when new material is used or after a repair.
What should be done with small pools of disinfectant left on a surface
Disinfectant needs to remain on surfaces as long as the manufacturer recommends. Any pools left over should be dried with a paper towel
What is recommended for irrigating bone cutting?
Surgical irrigants need to be sterile. Sterile saline is used bone cutting. Sterile water may also be used.
A work practice control for cleaning sharp instruments might include
An work practice control to minimize being punctured by a sharp instrument would include using a strainer basket to hold instruments and remove them from the sink. According to OSHA directives, employee must not stick their hands in a sink filled with soapy water to remove sharp contaminated instruments.
Many health professionals are allergic to latex gloves and must manage latex allergies. Besides gloves, dental professionals are exposed to additional latex items, such as:
Latex is made from natural rubber. Therefore, dental professionals who are allergic to latex must also use caution with other items in the dental setting, such as rubber dams or some equipment.
It is important to understand the label for a hazardous chemical. Yellow means:
A yellow label indicates the product is unstable. The product is an explosive material at room temperature.
Post-exposure prophylaxis after an employee is cut with a contaminated scalpel might include:
HIV drug regimen Following exposure to blood, a dental worker should undergo post-exposure management. The employee should undergo a testing to determine if they are infected by HBV, HBC, or HIV. If HI post-exposure prophylaxis involves a four week HIV drug regimen.
Which body(ies) of governance regulates dental waste requiring special storage, handling, neutralization, and disposal?
The proper disposal of dental waste is implemented and enforced by various regulations. This joint effort includes the input of federal, state, and local rules and regulations.
The American Dental Association and OSHA have outlined the proper steps to follow when an exposure incident occurs. After the employee sees a health care professional (HCP) to be evaluated, and the HCP provides the report to the employer, how much time does the employer have to provide the employee with a written copy of his medical opinion of the situation?
The steps to be followed when an exposure incident occurs are as follows: 1. Employee reports the incident to his employer. 2. Employer directs employee to a health care professional (HCP) 3. HCP evaluates the incident 4. HCP send written opinion to employer 5. Employer provides copy of report to employee
Outside of performing routine dental procedures, gloves should be worn when:
Dental health workers should wear gloves at times other than when performing dental procedures. For instance, workers should wear gloves when cleaning instruments, handling waste, or mopping up spills.
What is a common risk associated with alginate powder?
Alginate powder can pose a risk for dental workers. The powder will disperse in the air. This causes bronchiole irritation.
Which of the following is NOT a required component of training dental workers, according to OSHA?
“Workplace attendance” is not a topic outlined in OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Revision as a crucial training component. The other options listed as well as many others do exist.
The mercury in the glass thermometer is:
Mercury is a toxic substance. The thermometer design has drastically changed to eliminate using the thermometer containing the mercury.
Currently, OSHA-approved needlestick protocols exist in:
Currently, OSHA-approved needlestick protocols exist in 25 states. OSHA maintains records of exposures as the result of needlestick accidents.
Dental health education has proven effective in improving individual knowledge and oral hygiene practices. Education for a patient with extensive decay between teeth should focus on:
Dental health education should be individualized. A patient who has extensive decay between teeth should be instructed on flossing. The patient may also be given literature on gum disease.
In an effort to save money, after using a pair or latex gloves, the dental assistant has washed and plans to re-use them. What is true of this practice?
Washing and re-using gloves can increase one’s risk for having microorganisms passed on to him from the gloves. This is not conducive for an environment that must remain clean.
A number of infectious diseases can be isolated from dental water lines. Which of the following is NOT likely to be present in dental unit water lines?
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not stable enough to survive in the dental water line environment. The typical means of transmission for HIV is via blood or body fluids. Many other pathogens have been isolated from dental unit water lines including Legionella spp, which can be lethal. However, the majority of organisms found in dental unit water lines are common heterotrophic water bacteria.
According to OSHA, how much time does a dental office employer have to offer its employees with occupational exposure, a free Hepatitis B vaccination?
OSHA has established the standard that employers must offer a Hepatitis B vaccination to all of its employers who are at risk for occupational exposure. The employer must pay the cost for it.
What should be placed inside each sterilized packet?
Chemical indicators are internal and external. An internal indicator needs to be placed in each packet. This will indicate that the heat penetrated the packet.
What is the maximum noise level of the work environment to prevent hearing loss?
Noise pollution will cause hearing loss or NIHL. The maximum noise level is 85 decibels. Anything over this will begin to cause damage.
Mercury falls into an area that cannot be reached. What should be dusted on it?
Mercury spills need to be cleaned up quickly. Sulphur powder will create a film. This will make it easier to contain.
Sterilizing instruments through the conversion of water to steam and pressurization is performed by:
An autoclave is used to sterilize instruments by the conversion of water to steam accompanied by pressurization. This process is known as steam under pressure. High heat and pressure kill any remaining organisms.
Which of the following is an example of a non-critical instrument?
Non-critical instruments come in contact with the skin, but they do not touch mucous membranes or blood. Low level disinfection is suitable for non-critical instruments. They include X-ray heads, blood pressure cuffs, and pulse oximeter.
What can be placed in an ultra sonic to ensure that it is operating?
Foil will determine if an ultra sonic is operating correctly. It should be placed inside during a cleaning cycle. At the end of the cycle, there should be holes in the foil.
Stored utensils should be kept away from which of the following?
Pins and other sharp objects need to be kept away from stored utensils. They risk poking holes or tearing the wrapping. This will cause contamination.
Of the following, this bodily system is the portal of entry for an infectious agent because a patient has ingested contaminated water.
There are several portals of entry with regard to infectious agents. These include: Integumentary system (mucous membrane or break in the skin), Respiratory tract (when the patient inhales droplets that are contaminated), Genitourinary tract (contamination occurs in semen or vaginal secretions), Gastrointestinal tract (contamination occurs in ingested food or water), Circulatory system (a patient is bitten by a contaminated rodent or insect), and Transplacental (microorganisms are transferred from a contaminated mother to a fetus by way of the placenta and umbilical cord).
Disposal plastic aprons in the dental setting can
Disposal aprons are single use items that can protect the wearer from splatter and spray. However, they do not provide extensive coverage or a strong barrier.
The purpose of gloves includes all of the following except for:
Gloves can protect the hands from cross-contamination and chemicals. Gloves do not prevent puncture or injury from sharps, needles or instruments.
Which type of gloves should be worn when preparing instruments to disinfect?
Utility gloves are thicker than other gloves. They are also puncture resistant. Utility gloves are what needs to be worn when preparing instruments to disinfect.
Where are barriers Not placed?
The assistant and dentist have PPE barriers. The patient is provided with barriers, and there are barriers in the exam room. There are no barriers in the hall because cross contamination is unlikely to happen here.
Which sterilization method would be used on an item that is not able to withstand heat?
The most common method of sterilization is the autoclave. It can become too hot for certain items. Ethylene oxide may be room temperature. Automatic models reach 120 F.
At the individual level, which factor most determines attitudes toward dental health education?
Research has shown that the better educated people are the more their information seeking attitudes. People who have higher education levels tend to have more opportunity and interest in developing healthy lifestyles
When are biological monitors inserted?
There are several tasks that take place in the Packaging area of instrument-processing. These include arranging set-ups and wrapping instruments, among other things.
Nails longer than ____ hold more pathogens.
Nails need to be trimmed to 1/4 inch. Longer nails contain more pathogens. Nails with chipped polish also hold more pathogens.
Which of the following provides guidelines for disposing of regulated waste?
The EPA provides federal regulations for regulated waste disposal. The state and local governments also implement regulations. It is important to check all of the regulations.
Working with self-curing acrylic, what creates a risk?
Exothermic reactions are heat causing reactions. It is possible for the dental assistant to become burned by the exothermic reactions. Extreme care needs to be taken when using curing acrylic.
How is Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) transmitted from person to person?
Casual contact with an infected individual does not typically allow the transmittal of the disease. HBV can also spread through saliva. This is why it is especially important to thoroughly sterilize dental instruments used on patients with the condition.
What is used to determine if water is safe for use in a dental office?
A water quality indicator (WQI) is necessary to determine water quality. It will measure the colony forming units. This determines if the water source is safe.
Which product is the MOST appropriate for disinfecting metal surfaces between patients?
Alcohol wipes are an appropriate disinfectant for cleaning the surfaces of items in between patients. It sufficiently disinfects, can be used on metal, and less likely to irritate sensitive patients or personnel. Hypochlorite or bleach-products should not be used on metal surfaces. Soap will not disinfect metal surfaces.
In August 2001, a dental assistant lives in a state that is covered by OSHA’s federal mandate as well as state-run needle safety laws covering public healthcare settings. Which of the following states would this be?
In 2001, President Clinton signed the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act, which was an update to the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Since the federal mandate did not cover public facilities unless states had their own needle safety laws, seven states passed their own laws. These states are Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, Texas and West Virginia.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations for dental office specify that:
The law specifies that OSHA cannot give dental offices advance notice of inspections. OSHA provides random spot checks. Additionally, most inspections are conducted as a result of complaints.
How long should items be sterilized using the liquid or cool method?
Submersion is a possible form of sterilization for items that cannot tolerate heat. The items need to remain submerged for a minimum of 10 hours.
Which of the PPEs should be put on first?
Personal Protective Equipment PPE should be applied and removed in a specific order. First the protective clothing and footwear, then the mask, the eyewear, and finally the gloves
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