DENTAL ASSISTANT ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 9
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For which of the following procedures would a patient likely receive local anesthesia?
Simple extractions require no surgery and are often done under local anesthetic. Incision and drainage are typically done with no anesthetic due to the risk of complications. Root canal and removal of impaction are likely to involve conscious sedation
Which of the following instruments would you choose to remove supragingival calculus?
The sickle is used to remove supragingival calculus. It is also known as the Shepherd’s hook.
After placing the cotton rolls, which of the following is an appropriate instruction for a patient who is having topical fluoride application?
Once the cotton rolls have been placed, instruct the patient to bite gently up and down on the rolls. This helps distribute the fluoride over the teeth.
All but which of the following are considered muscles of mastication?
The buccinator provides the framework of the cheek. The muscles of mastication include the masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids, and the temporalis.
When creating a cast, which of the following materials should you choose?
Casts are hard replicas. They are made of gypsum products, the most common of which is plaster of Paris.
Which of the following is the SMALLEST size of plain fissure cross-cut bur?
Plain fissure cross-cut burs are used to form the cavity walls of a retention. They are also used to place retention grooves in the walls of preparation. They come in a variety of sizes, with the smallest being 556 and the largest being 559.
Which of the following is a Class II movement?
Class II movements involved the fingers and wrist. In instrument transfer, the assistant uses two to three fingers and a motion of the wrist to give and receive instruments
Single use items that are disposable and discarded after one use are known as:
Expendable supplies are consumable, used daily, and must be replenished. Unlike expendables, capital supplies include computers, etc.
You may recommend that a patient add this to his toothbrush if he has trouble holding it?
Adding a ball to the handle of a toothbrush makes it easier to hold. This may be useful for children or patients with disabilities.
A complete set of permanent teeth is comprised of how many teeth?
A complete set of permanent teeth numbers 32. This includes four incisors, two canines, four premolars, and six molars in each jaw.
The BEST way to control materials and supplies in a dental clinic is to have:
Dental clinics stock a large amount of materials and supplies. To ensure smooth operation and that materials will be on hand when needed, the clinic should have an inventory management system. The larger the clinic, the more imperative that it have a system in place.
What color is indicator wax?
Green in color, indicator wax is used to locate high spots on restorations. It may also be used for registering occlusional contacts.
Which of the following would you use to locate a high spot on a restoration?
The patient should be instructed to do all but which of the following after topical fluoride application?
The patient should not eat or drink for 30 minutes after fluoride application. After this time period, it is permissible to eat, drink, or brush the teeth.
Which phrase BEST describes what happens when a dental impression is made?
The BEST way to describe a dental impression is to compare it to a “negative.” The impression material creates a inverted representation (negative) of the patient’s teeth and soft tissue. This representation is later used to create mold of the mouth.
Which of the following would you choose to clean an amalgam restoration?
Use light pressure and slow speed, moving over all areas of the amalgam that are accessible. As with pumice, the surface should be a dull luster after use of the brownie. The abrasive material on these points wear quickly, leaving a metal shank, these can scratch the amalgam. Change the tips before they are worn that low to avoid causing damage.
When using the bristle brush in a polishing, which of the following is true?
The bristle brush should only be used on occlusal surfaces in a polishing. Using the brush on other surfaces risks tissue damage.
Which of the following is an appropriate strategy for pain control during incision and drainage?
Anesthesia may not be effective in the case of abscesses, which require incision and drainage. Altered tissue pH may interfere with anesthesia, and injections may spread the infection. It is important to block any anesthesia used from the infected area.
Medical emergencies can be minimized by medical history evaluation, current and previous patient medications, and:
Medical emergencies can be minimized by medical history evaluation, current and previous patient medications, and staff training, emergency kit, dental care plan, determination of medical risk, and anxiety. All of these elements will help to minimize medical emergencies. A written emergency plan for the dental office is beneficial as well.
A patient has been given Atridox for periodontal disease. What is not a possible allergic reaction you would recommend he or she watch for
Patients need to be familiar with potential side effects of medications they receive. Loss of smell is not a typical side effect. The patient should be informed of the other answers.
Which of the following would you use to keep impression material from flowing into the back of the patient’s throat?
Utility wax is pliable at room temperature. It can be used to prevent the flow of impression material into the back of the throat, and to protect soft tissues from damage.
All but which of the following are appropriate steps to take in properly positioning a seated patient?
While you will ultimately have the patient supine, do not simply take the chair horizontal. After the patient is seated, begin positioning him or her. Put the arm rest down and raise the foot rest. Then take the chair halfway to horizontal, pause to let the patient adjust, and then complete the transition to horizontal.
A disadvantage of alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid) impression material is:
Alginate impression material is weak and tears easily upon removal from the mouth or from deep undercuts of the teeth. However, alginate is not expensive. Also, compared to other impression materials, alginates DO NOT tend to cause allergic reactions as much. Alginates are not hydrophobic (water-hating), but once they do set they do tend to dry out and shrink, which is a disadvantage.
Which of the following is characterized by a large spade shape?
The Frahm carver is characterized by a large spade shape. It is used to remove excess restorative material and to carve and shape occlusional anatomy.
Wheezing, short breath, and coughing are symptoms of which of the following?
Patients who have asthma need to be monitored closely. This causes wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. They need bring their medication in case of asthma attack during treatment.
A form of dental wax that comes in rope form and which is pliable at room temperature is known as which of the following?
Utility wax comes in rope form and is pliable at room temperature. It can provide extra height and padding to impression trays, making the impression process more comfortable for the patient.
Which of the following is NOT a type of explorer?
Explorers come in a variety of shapes. These include pigtail, Orban (or #17), right angle, and shepherd’s hook. Explorers are part of the basic dental exam set up.
The heart of the dental operation is the
The treatment room is the heart of the dental operation and is designed for efficiency and safety. This is the area where all dental services are rendered.
Which of the following is linked to gingivitis?
Plaque buildup causes irritation of the gums over time. This leads to gingivitis. Plaque will also contribute to carries.
Which of the following should never be used interorally?
Vulcanite (or laboratory) burs are for use on acrylic, stone, plaster, and metal materials such as dentures. They are not to be used intraorally.
The labial surface of the tooth is closest to which of the following?
The surface of the tooth closest to the lips is known as the labial surface. The shape and texture of this surface will vary with tooth type and placement.
Which of the following is NOT true of dental inlays?
Inlays typically are not suitable anchor sites. They are used primarily to restore tooth form and function.
A patient who is showing signs of cyanosis around the lips and a swelling of the face and tongue is likely experiencing:
A patient who is showing signs of cyanosis around the lips and a swelling of the face and tongue is likely experiencing anaphylaxis. 0.01 mg. of epinephrine should be administered after which the patient should be placed in a supine position.
For which of the following procedures would you choose a diamond-bur flat end cylinder?
Diamond burs are used to rapidly reduce teeth to prepare for restorations. If a flat restoration floor and parallel walls are needed, the diamond bur flat-end cylinder is the most appropriate choice.
All but which of the following can be used in a Class II cavity preparation?
The Wedelstaedt chisel is only used on Class III and IV cavity preparation. The straight chisel and binangle chisel are often used in Class II restorations. The spoon excavator can be used in any cavity preparation where carious decay needs to be removed.
For which of the following procedures would you choose a frahm carver?
The frahm carver is used to shape and carve the occlusional anatomy of amalgam restorations. It may also be used to remove excess restorative material.
The cingulum is found on which teeth?
The V-shaped eminence found on many incisors is known as the cingulum. It may also be called the basal ridge.
The endodontic spoon excavator can be used to remove all but which of the following?
The endodontic spoon excavator is not used to remove necrotic tissue. It is used to remove deep caries, pulp tissue, and temporary cement.
A key component in managing an emergency in which the patient is conscious but bleeding profusely is to:
A key component in managing an emergency in which the patient is conscious but bleeding profusely is to keep the patient comfortable and apply pressure to the wound. These patients are more commonly treated with local measures only.
Which of the following toothbrushing techniques provides the best plaque removal at the gingival margin?
The Bass stroke involves placing the bristles directly into the sulcus, with the brush at a 45 degree angle. Gentle, short strokes into the sulcus are used. This stroke helps to get calculus and biofilm from along the sulcus.
Topical fluoride application via mouth tray typically takes about which length of time?
Topical fluoride gel, applied via mouth tray, takes about 4 minutes. Prolonged exposure to fluoride can actually cause cosmetic damage to teeth.
An example of an oral fungal infection is:
Thrush is an example of an oral fungal infection. It occurs in the mucus membranes that line the mouth and tongue. People most susceptible to thrush include infants, the elderly, diabetics, and cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Of the following actions, which is not a negligent act?
Failure to give a treatment plan is not a negligent action. A dental professional is obligated to diagnose, to refer a patient to a needed specialist, and to sterilize all instrumentation.
A slightly curved shanked instrument with a bevel on one side of the cutting edge that is used to shape and plane dentin is known as which of the following?
Wedelstaedt chisel The Wedelstaedt chisel is a shanked instrument with a bevel on one side of the cutting edge. It may be single or double ended.
Structures that allow the passage of X-rays and appear dark on the film are:
Structures that allow the passage of X-rays and appear dark on the film are radiolucent structures. Gold blocks the penetration of X-rays and appears lighter on film.
Which of the following is NOT true of a Jo-dandy disc?
While they are primarily used in the lab, Jo-dandy discs can be safely used intra-orally. Also known as carborundum discs, these disks are used to cut and polish gold restorations in the lab and may also be used to trim acrylic provisional restorations.
The amalgam well is used for which of the following?
The amalgam well is a glass or metal receptacle used to hold the pliable amalgam. It is also used to load the amalgam into the carrier.
The buccal surface of a tooth is closest to which of the following?
The surface of the tooth closest to the cheek is known as the buccal surface. The shape and texture of this tooth will vary with tooth type and placement.
Irrigation agents are used in:
Irrigation agents are used dentistry as antimicrobials. In endodontics, they are used to prepare root canals. During surgical procedures, bone and teeth may also be irrigated (flushed) with sterile saline solution or sterile water.
A patient who stops talking, stares, and twitches is probably experiencing which of the following?
Petit mal seizures are more common with children. They last briefly and are not as severe as grand mal seizures, also known as tonic clonic seizures. Petit mal seizures may precede a grand mal seizure.
Personnel who work in areas outside the x-ray room should be adequately protected from radiation. An example of one method to protect workers outside the x-ray room would include:
Dental clinics should be arranged to protect all personnel including staff who work in areas outside of the x-ray room. There are many methods to provide adequate protection. For instance, the radiation beam should be directed away from areas occupied by other staff and away from windows and doors. Additionally, personnel should arrange the dental office to reduce radiation levels by taking advantage of distances.
State laws generally require patient records and radiographs to be kept for what length of time?
While every state and office can vary on patients’ records time limits, the standard time to keep patient radiographs is six years and/or two years after a patient’s death. Each individual dental office should have some form of records retention policy.
Which of the following is used to aim the x-ray?
The PID is the position-indicating device. It is used to aim the x-ray at the proper angle. The collimator is the used to limit scatter radiation.
What should be done with a led apron after the radiograph is taken?
To measure absorbed radiation, the International System of Units uses
The International System of Units measures radiation by using the unit gray. 100 rad’s is equal to one gray.
What will help decrease blurriness in panoramic radiographs?
Magnification and focal spots affect the sharpness of an image. A small focal spot and low magnification will reduce the blurriness of an image.
What is the best source-to-skin distance for radiation exposure?
The distance recommended is 20 cm. The best distance, however, is 40 cm whenever possible
If the right and left of an exposure are reversed, what mistake was made?
Cassettes need to be loaded correctly. The picture will be blurred if it is backward. It will also reverse right and left on the image.
What is not possible for infection control when using direct digital imaging?
Antiseptic cleaning is not possible with direct digital imaging. The sensors will be damaged in sterilization. The only option is the barrier cover. The other answers are not methods of infection control.
Radiographic processing requires strict attention to procedures. For instance, a processed radiograph comes out too dark. This result may be due to:
The reasons for dark processed images include over-active developing solutions and a long developing time, so the film is over developed. Developing solutions that are too hot can also cause images to come out too dark.
Scratches on film can be the result of:
Films can be easily scratched when they come in contact with other objects. It is important when using a drying cabinet to follow the manufacturer’s instructions to prevent damage to the film.
When a patient is having an x-ray done, he
X-rays are not perceptible to any of the patient’s senses. X-rays have no mass.
If you have a deaf patient and do not know sign language, what is the best way to position the patient?
It is important to respectfully communicate with patients who have special needs. Ideally, someone on staff should be able to use sign language. If no one can, the best option is to write down clear instructions.
Rectangular collimation for intra-oral periapical and bitewing radiography can offer which PROXIMAL area protection from radiation that may commonly be shielded?
The rectangular collimator helps reduce radiation with intra-oral periapical and bitewing radiographs. The rectangular collimator can provide a level of thyroid radiation protection similar having the patient wear a lead shield. Rectangular collimation can reduce overall dosage by 50%, so this device should be used.
Primary radiation is the radiation:
Primary radiation is the radiation emitted from an x-ray device. This radiation is strength can be controlled by the operator. The operator can adjust the exposure settings as well as the direction of the beam emitted from a machine.
Guidelines for wearing a dosimeter includes:
Dosimeters are meant to measure occupational radiation exposure. They should be worn only when working.
Dental assistants use radiation to
Radiation is used to create an x-ray film of teeth and surrounding structures, if needed. Radiation is dangerous, and precautions must be taken to prevent biological damage to anyone in the surrounding area.
What will leave a white streak on a panoramic image?
Screens need to be carefully handled. When they are scratched, a white streak appears on the image. Using only soft cloths on screens will help prevent scratching.
What is one way the DHCP ensures the patient’s dental record and radiographs are prepared for any type of legal use or viewing?
It is important that the DHCP keeps the patient’s health history record, including radiographs, are up-to-date to ensure accuracy. These records could be used in a court of law to establish information regarding care and treatments the patient has received. It can also help protect the dentist against any accusations of malpractice or mistreatment.
What landmark does Eddy use to identify a maxillary anterior periapical view radiograph?
The incisive foramen is a funnel-shaped opening in the bone of the oral hard palate, which is behind the incisor teeth. Since the view an anterior periapical, the incisive foramen is easily seen along the floor of the nasal cavity.
An example of a NON-STOCHASTIC effect of dental radiation is:
The non-stochastic effects of radiation are sometimes referred to as “radiation poisoning.” These effects include nausea, vomiting, weakness, skin burns, and hair loss. The non-stochastic effects occur when an individual is exposed to a high dose of radiation in a short period. Additionally, some people are extremely sensitive to radiation and may have a “non-stochastic effect” even at lower doses.
What should be used for an endodontic patient
It is difficult to get a clear image of an endodontic patient. Some film holders are not effective. The endoray II film holder is able to be positioned at the best angle.
What landmarks does Emma use when mounting the maxillary central area radiograph?
The maxilla makes up the upper jaw area of the mouth, and the anterior nasal spine is the key landmark in the area. The anterior nasal spine is the pointed projection at the front extremity of the intermaxillary suture and marks the union of the two maxillae.
Replenishing the solutions daily ensures they are the proper:
Manual processing solutions should be replenished daily. Preferably, the solutions should be added at the beginning of the day before daily processing takes place. The purpose of replenishing both developer and fixer is to ensure the proper strength of the solutions and optimal image quality.
There are two categories of biological or health effects from radiation. They are stochastic and non-stochastic. Stochastic effects are related to:
Stochastic health effects of radiation are those related to long-term, low dose situations. Non-stochastic effects are from short-term, high-level exposure. Sometimes non-stochastic effects are referred to as ‘acute’ exposure.
The film and equipment manufacturer will recommend the average kVp and/or mA setting. However, actual settings will vary from patient to patient based on all the following factors except for
Common factors affecting the exposure settings include dentition, size, and bone structure. Exposure settings may also be adjusted according to the patient’s age.
If a patient is concerned about radiation you should
Many patients may worry about radiation. The best thing to do for these people is to explain the benefits that an x-ray offers and that the risks of radiation exposure are low.
Films that are mounted with the left side of the film aligned with the patient’s right are mounted from the outside in, which is what?
When films are mounted with the left side of the film aligned with the patient’s right side, the radiographer is facing the patient, which makes the film in the correct anatomical position. This helps align marks and characteristics of the film and ensure correct identification.
Patients that feel a burning of their skin after x-rays
Overexposure to radiation can leave the skin feeling burned and red. The feeling is almost like a sun burn. You should seek advice from your medical doctor for the problem and get any antibiotics you may need.
The annual (yearly) occupational exposure for radiation exposure to extremities is:
The occupational exposure limits are given in REM and mSv. The exposure limit for extremities, fingers, is 50 REM/year. The whole body exposure limit is 5 REM/year. The exposure limit for pregnant workers is 0.5 REM/gestational period.
Which of the following is accurate about this x-ray
This patient is a bitewing x-ray of a patient’s left side. It does not show any decay.
How often should a COMPLETE systems cleaning be performed on processors?
Periodically, processors should be cleaned with a systems cleaner. The equipment should be cleaned to remove heavier build-up at least 2 – 4 times a year
What removes debris from roller transports?
An automatic machine with roller transports requires a special attention. Clean-up film is used each time the machine is turned on. This removes lint and debris from the previous day.
What will prevent a patient from biting too far back who is missing anterior teeth?
Panoramics are usually taken using bite rods. Biting too far back will distort the image. If the patient is missing anterior teeth, the edentulous guide is used to position the bite.
What is the exposure time for the anterior maxillary with a 16 inch cone using F speed and 80 kVp?
The higher the kVp and larger the cone, the less time is necessary for exposure. An 80 kVp and 16 inch cone only requires 0.12 seconds.
Which of these is present in the x-ray?
The dental x-ray image is a full mouth panoramic view. It shows the teeth of a patient with root canals and several fillings
Before opening the film packets, if the film is moist, dry the films with
The best way to dispose of used fixer is to:
The best way to dispose of used fixer is to pay a silver recovery unit operator to take the used fixer. Used fixer is a hazardous waste and cannot be sewered or disposed of as a common solid waste.
Factors minimizing the amount of radiation patients are exposed to include all of the following EXCEPT for:
Dental radiograph operators should use the fastest film possible to capture images. Fast film and screen/film combination help to reduce the level of patient exposure to radiation. Other factors that help control the level of patient radiation exposure include, but are not limited to, using lead aprons, collimators, and digital sensors.
Which of the following safety measures applies to dental personnel?
The use of lead aprons, thyroid collars, and film screen combination applies to patient safety primarily. The use of dosimetry badges applies to dental personnel safety.
Of the following, which has occurred when a thin radiolucent line appears on a radiograph?
Film bending appears as a stretched and distorted image, while film creasing manifests as a thin radiolucent line on the image. A radiograph affected by phalangioma shows the patient’s finger, as it was improperly positioned in front of the receptor. Movement while a radiograph is being taken shows up as a blurred image.
During intra-oral radiography, the operator can reduce the beam field and prevent cone cuts by:
The operator can reduce beam field size by using a film holding device with beam alignment guide. This device helps minimize patient exposure and prevent leaving out areas intended for capturing
What does the bright white section on the teeth indicate?
The film size that should not be used when taking a maxillary occlusal film on a child with primary anterior teeth is:
Size 3 X-ray film should not be used for taking occlusal film on children. Size 2 X-ray film should be used for taking occlusal film on children. It is placed horizontally when the primary anterior teeth are present.
The advantages of digital imaging include all of the following except:
Digital imaging uses no chemicals, has no processor maintenance, and is cost effective. It uses less radiation than traditional film radiography.
There are two intraoral x-ray techniques that dental assistants learn to use. One is the bisecting angle technique, the other is the
The paralleling technique has become a favorite among dental assistants, because you do not need to redo x-ray images. It takes a correct image each time. It reduces radiation exposure, and is the quickest technique that is used.
When film is processed in a high temperature developer and immediately immersed in a water bath, the image will appear:
When film is processed in a high temperature developer and immediately immersed in a water bath, it will become wrinkled. To correct this situation, avoid temperature differences. If the temperature of the developer is high, allow it to cool down before processing.
Which of the following is MOST likely true of the patient’s wisdom teeth?
This patient has wisdom teeth. Some of them are leaning inward, which could potentially cause cavities or other problems. To avoid the problems with these teeth, an extraction may be the best option
Taking a profile picture of a patient is an example of a(n) ______.
Extraoral pictures include the full face and profile of a patient. Extraoral pictures show the symmetry and jaw alignment of the patient. These are used to show progress and educate patients.
To avoid cross contamination of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Other Prion Diseases, what type of equipment should be used?
Because Prions are resistant to sterilization techniques, disposable items should be used in dental procedures to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Other Prion Diseases. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a type of brain damage which can negatively impact movement and mental function.
Protective eyewear helps prevent against aerosol droplets with microorganisms coming in contact with the eyes. Which of the following is the name of the infection this can cause?
With this condition, the membrane lining the eyelid becomes affected. This results in inflammation or infection. Eye pain and blurred vision are two of the symptoms that manifest from this condition.
When using a chemical steam sterilization process, it is important that the instruments be very ____.
Chemical steam uses a minimum of moisture. This prevents rust and dulling of instruments. Dry instruments will prevent excess moisture and steam.
Regarding research findings, dental professionals should ensure:
The dental professional should stay current of research findings and use objectivity in promoting evidence-based research to patients. Further, they should ensure the credibility of the available data by checking sources and using meta-analysis.
Which barrier is used for patients and dental assistants?
Eyewear is provided to the patient and worn by the dental assistant. Both need to be protected from aerosols. Only patients are given bibs, and only the assistant needs gloves and a mask.
The level of risk categories on the reactivity labels range from 0 to 4. What category would “Caution: May react if heated or mixed with water” fall under?
The categories on the reactivity label are as follows: 0 – Stable: Nonreactive when mixed with water 1 – Caution: May react if heated or mixed with water 2 – Warning: Unstable or may react if mixed with water 3 – Danger: May be explosive if spark occurs or if heated under confinement 4 – Danger: Explosive at room temperature
A dental assistant is working with a chemical that has a yellow warning label established by the National Fire Protection Association. What does the yellow label mean?
The National Fire Protection Association has established a color and number method to help employees identify the risks associated with certain chemicals. Red is used for “fire hazard” and blue, “health hazard”. Yellow is for “reactivity” and white, “PPE”.
The type of sterilization monitoring in which readings on the sterilization monitors are checked regularly is called:
Physical monitoring is the process of checking the readings on sterilizer indicators during sterilization monitoring. During this process, the color-changing pouch or tape is checked to determine if in fact the color has changed which indicates that a certain temperature level has been reached.
A disease that is resistant to certain medications is known as
Virulent refers to a disease that is resistant to certain medications. The virulence of an organism is its strength or ability to cause disease. The more virulent the the disease, the more difficult for the body to fight it off.
Dentists should obtain a copy of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations from where?
Since state plans may vary from the federal program, dental offices should obtain copies of OSHA regulations from their State’s OSHA office or health department. State plans are legally required to be as effective as the federal program. Dentists should also obtain information on their States’ regulations.
When should contaminated items be soaked?
Contaminated items need to be soaked in the appropriate solution immediately. Soaking items prevents the debris from clinging to them. This needs to be done prior to sterilization.
Which of the following diseases has the greatest risk for transmission and can be reduced among employees and patients with a vaccine?
Vaccines in the work place are designed to reduce staff illnesses and to reduce the spread of illnesses from workers to patients or to other staff members. Influenza is a particularly potent virus that can easily be spread among the office. Any employee who comes in contact with patients or who are at risk for contracting influenza are encouraged to be vaccinated each year.
Recognizing the dangerous properties of chemicals found in the dental office is the responsibility of:
The responsibility of recognizing the dangerous properties of chemicals in the dental office falls to the Hazardous Communication Program Coordinator. Other coordinator responsibilities include distributing information regarding the contents of the Hazard Communication Program and implementing measures to protect all dental personnel from hazardous chemicals.
The skin of the hands harbor two types of bacteria, resident and transient. Resident bacteria:
The resident bacteria is the bacteria that normally colonizes the superficial layers of skin. This bacteria hardy and persistent. It makes up the microflora of the skin.
Which type of impression cannot be merged in a solution for disinfection?
Alginate impressions will become distorted if they are immersed. They cannot be immersed in solution. Polysulfide and silicone can be immersed.
At the end of the day, Jan needs to clean the floors of an operatory used only for examining patients. The MOST appropriate agent to use for cleaning this surface is:
The degree to which a housekeeping surface is cleaned depends on the nature of the surface, the type and degree of contamination, as well as the location in the facility. An operatory used for examining patients is not likely to be very soiled or grossly contaminated. The MOST appropriate cleaning agent is detergent and water.
Dental water should not be used in which of the following?
Dental water can contain microbes even of it is treated. It should not be used is certain techniques. It is not recommended for bone cutting.
A dental assistant in who assisted with oral surgery gets a small amount of blood on his uniform. During training regarding uniforms and personal protective equipment, employees were advised:
Employees should not wash uniforms with regular laundry at home. Additionally, to prevent the spread of infection, soiled clothing should not be taken home at all.
It is suspected that the dental disease of a patient has been transmitted via the touch of a health care provider. What type of transmission is this?
There are several modes of transmission with regard to infectious agents. The most common are contact (direct or indirect), airborne, vehicle and vectorborne. Transmission via personal care equipment and clothing are other types of “contact” transmission.
All dental personnel who handle regulated medical waste when cleaning environmental surfaces should be aware of the all the following factors except for:
All dental personnel should know how to properly handle and dispose of potentially infectious waste. They should also know the possible health and safety hazards. However, it is not necessary for all personnel to know the name and phone number of the waste management company.
What occurs to sloughed biofilm?
As biofilm is flushed, it sloughs off. The biofilm makes its way down the tube where gross down stream contamination occurs.
Who is responsible for laundering PPE if it is considered protective clothing?
As with other industries, employers in the medical field are required to follow safeguard measures in order to protect their employees. For example, if a dental office hires a dental assistant, the employer is required to afford the opportunity of a Hepatitis B vaccination, at no cost to the dental assistant.
Which of the following is used for rapid disinfection?
Chlorine dioxide is a high level disinfectant. It is highly corrosive and known to work rapidly. It take 5 to 10 minutes to be effective.
A(n) ______is necessary to refuse a hepatitis B vaccine
Employees must understand the risks associated with hepatitis B. Refusing the vaccine must be documented. An informed refusal form must be on file for employees who are not vaccinated.
In the dentistry practice, which of the following is the BEST response of how often gloves should be changed?
Compromised gloves promote the risk of cross contamination of infectious disease. Even if gloves are not compromised in terms of being punctured, they should always be changed between patients
Which of the following is a patient barrier?
Any draping is done as a patient barrier. The other answers are personal protective barriers or surface barriers.
The Center for Disease Control recommends that dental saliva ejectors lines be disinfected:
The Centers for Disease Control recommends disinfecting dental saliva ejectors daily. They also recommend reviewing proper use and maintenance of this piece of dental equipment.
What will prevent exposure to mercury vapor from a poorly filled capsule?
A leaked capsule will cause mercury vapor. Exposure to mercury vapor can be prevented if the cover on the amalgamator is used.
What is true of instruments precleaned in the instrument washing machine?
Instrument washing machines are used to preclean the instruments. Therefore, the complete sterilization procedure must be followed after they precleaning cycle.
Protective measures required by OSHA regarding X-ray exposure includes all of the following except:
Protective measures required by OSHA regarding X-ray exposure includes all of the following except open X-ray areas. Warnings should also be posted on all X-ray equipment.
A dental assistant working in what state in 2001 was required to observe OSHA’s federal mandate as well as the safety needle laws regarding public healthcare facilities, outlined by his state?
In 2001, President Clinton signed the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act, which was an update to the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Since the federal mandate did not cover public facilities unless states had their own needle safety laws, seven states passed their own laws. These states are Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, Texas and West Virginia.
Instrument drying occurs in what instrument-processing area?
There are several activities that take place in the Contaminated area. These include discarding of waste and ultrasonic cleaning.
OSHA requirements for personal protective equipment is specific. For instance, clinical gowns:
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration does not require that clinical gowns be impervious and extend to the knees. Long sleeves are recommended but not required. However, gowns should be changed at least once per day and whenever soiled.
Dirty zones (clinical contact surfaces) such as handles and dental unit switches, which cannot easily be disinfected between patients, may be:
Separating work zones in an operatory can help simplify and improve cleaning efficiency in between patients. Surfaces may be divided into clinical contact surfaces (dirty zones) and housekeeping surfaces (clean zones). The dirty zones in a dental operatory should be cleaned in between patients. However, to further increase efficiency and treat areas which are not easily cleaned, such areas may be covered with disposal, impermeable plastic sheaves, and the plastic coverings should be disposed of with gloved hands.
Which of the following does Not need to be labeled as a biohazard?
Amalgam is a hazardous waste, but it is not a biohazard. The other answers are biohazards. They need to be labeled as biohazards.
Airborne particles pose all of the following hazards except for:
Airborne particles are common in the dental operatory. Besides transmitting diseases, airborne particles can irritate the eyes and nose or respiratory system.
Which of the following two hazards in a dental office can cause thrombocytopenia?
Chemicals and radiation are two prevalent work hazards in dental offices. Exposure to both can cause thrombocytopenia in patients or workers. Patients who have leukemia are also at risk for thrombocytopenia, but this cause is not due to practice controls.
The maximum permissible level of radiation (per year) for pregnant dental workers is:
Radiation is a physical hazard for both patients and dental workers. The permissible level of exposure is 5 millisieverts (mSv) per year.
What precaution(s) should be used to protect against large particle splatters generated by a patient during a dental procedure?
These are the most effective ways to protect against large infectious particles generated from the oral cavity of patient during a procedure. It is mandated by OSHA that dental care workers wear face masks, protective eyewear and gloves as a routine method of preventing contact with bloodborne pathogens.
How many steps are there for removing gloves?
Gloves need to be removed carefully. There are two steps for removing gloves. Each glove needs to be removed using an inversion technique.
The decontamination cycle of reusable items contains several steps. Of the following, which step happens second?
There are some dental equipment items that are disposable after one use. For the items that are re-used, they must undergo a rigorous decontamination cycle in order to prevent the infestation of microorganism. The steps are as follows: cleaning, disinfection, inspection, packaging, sterilization, transport, storage, use and transport.
Which of the following breaks the link between the portal of entry and susceptibility?
The Sterile technique interrupts the link between the portal of entry and susceptibility. Proper disposal also interrupts this link. The other answers are included in other links.
All hazardous chemicals or substances in the dental office must be:
The Hazard Communication Standard requires that all chemicals in a workplace be labeled. Employers can use the Hazard Identification System to prepare the labels.
Killing and removing microorganisms is defined by what term
Cleaning is defined as removing microbes from something, but not killing said microbes. Disinfecting is when there are so few microbes on an object that it is safe to handle said object.
According to OSHA regulations, all dental radiographers must monitor their exposure to radiation by wearing a(n)
According to OSHA regulations, all dental radiographers must monitor their exposure to radiation by wearing a pocket dosimeter. Dental radiographers can wear a film badge instead of a pocket dosimeter to monitor radiation exposure
Which of the following is a surface barrier?
Surface barriers protect the surfaces in the dental office. Syringe covers are surface barriers. The other answers are patient barriers and personal protective equipment.
How often should the chambers of a sterilization machine be cleaned?
Sterilization equipment needs to be cleaned to function properly. Chambers need to be cleaned at least once a month. It may need to be cleaned more often, depending on use and the manufacturer’s instructions.
In the event of a hazardous chemical spill in the dental office, the National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety requires dental personnel to:
In the occurrence of a hazardous chemical spill, all dental workers should wear masks. Bags used to dispose of the spilled material and contaminated objects should be sealed.
At which temperature should uniforms be washed?
Uniforms need to be washed in temperatures between 140 and 160 degrees. This is 150 degrees. They should be dried at 212 degrees.
What kind of materials can be used as disposable barriers in the dentistry?
In the dental office, disposable barriers should be used as often as possible Disposable barriers can reduce the need for surface disinfection. Examples of suitable disposable barriers include: aluminum foil, plastic-lined paper, plastic wrap and plastic bags.
Why should dental healthcare workers remove any jewelry on the hand when preparing to put on gloves?
Employees who wear gloves are instructed to remove any jewelry on their hand and to keep fingernails short. Jewelry such as rings or bracelets on the hands can tear or rip the latex gloves the employee wears during patient care. This can cause the employee’s hand to become contaminated and spread germs and infectants to the patient.
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