RADIOGRAPHER ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 8
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In many cases digital fluoroscopy eliminates which of the following
most views required by the radiologist are .digitally during fluoroscopy
what is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of an element
The atom may be broken down into subatomic particles but they would not have the characteristics of the element
In a digital fluoroscopy ,the image must be turned into digital form by what device
the information acquired by scanning the imaging plate must be converted analog form to digital for further manipulation.This is an extra step when compared with direct radiography(DR)
X-rays travel as bundles of energy called
Photons may be also called quanta
What is atomic mass
Atomic number is the number of protons.Protons and nuetrons are contained in the atomic nucleus.
What device may be used to ensure the consistency of radiographic quality from one exposure to the next
The AEC is calibrated to provide the images most preferred by by the radiologists
When a predetermined level of ionisation is reached in the ionization chamber ,what does the machine do
Hence ,the exposure time when using an AEC is very dependent upon the kVp
what type of current is required for the proper operation of the x-ray tube
this necessitates the using of a rectifier to change AC to DC
The law stating that the outer shell of an atom contain no more than eight electrons is called
The octect rule states that no more than eight electrons can be in the outer most shell.It does not stipulate that there must be eight electrons in the outer shell
Examples of particulate radiation are
Particulate radiations are highly ionising
Electro magnetic radiation travels
because it has mass ,particulate radiation may travel along different parts
Electromagnetic radiations travels in bundles of energy called
X-rays exit the x-ray tube in the bursts of enegy called photons
At what speed do X-rays travel
Don’t be fooled by the choices that use different units of measurement.Light speed is expressed in miles per second ,not miles per hour
Waves of radiation are called
Wave length and frequency are called inverse to one another
Wave length is defined as the distance from
Wave length can be measured from crest to crest or trough to trough
Frequency is defined as
Higher -frequency waves has shorter wavelength and lower frequency waves has longer wave lenghts
Speed of x-rays is based on
The speed of x-ray travel is constant,regardless of the factors used to produce them
wavelenght and frequency are
Higher frequency waves have shorter wavelenghts,lower frequency waves have longer wavelenghts
The x-ray beam changes as it trvaels through the patient by a process called
Attenuation means that the x-rays may be absorbed or scattered
The intensity of the radiation is inversly proportional to the square of the distance between the source of radiation and the person receving it .This descibes the
Be certain to review the inverse square law;always remember tge the inverse square relationship. For example ,if the dose of radiation is 10 R at a distance of 3 feet,he dose at a distance of 6 feet is only 2.5 R.It is one fourth,not half,which is a common mistake
As radiation strikes matter
Energy can neither be created or destroyed ,only changed in form .The energy is merely transferred
What type of x-ray machine uses a continually decreasing mA for the shortest time possible
The falling load generator makes use of the maximum heat storage capacity at every mA and time combination.This allows for the shortest exposure time possible
Which of the followimg statements true regarding electrostatic charges
The movement of electrons from one object to another is called ionization
which of the following statements are false
Electromagnetic induction is the process of causing
Electromagnetic induction does not require that two conductors touch each other
Two types of electromagnetic induction are
Self induction occurs in the auto transformer;mutual induction occurs in the step -up and step-down transformers
Self induction is used in the operation of what device
Mutual induction occurs in the step-up and step- down transformers
The strength of the magnetic fields in transformer is increased by
This intensifies the magnetic fields,making the transformer more efficient .
Electricity is supplied to the imaging department by a
A generator at the power company converts mechanical energy into electrical energy .A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
The electricity provided to the radiology department is
60 Hz means 60 cycles per second.The voltage may be 110 or 220
The electricity provided at radiology department operates at
60 cycles per second result in 120 pulses per second ,because it cycles back and forth 120 times per second
Hgh-frequency power
Such a low ripple means higher average photon energy.High frequency is very effective.
Primary advantage of three -phase power is that
Three phase power produces higher average photon energy than single- phase power
A variable transformer that is used to select kVp for the x-ray circuit is the
Autotransformer is a variable transformer that operates on the principle of self-induction
A transformer that has more turns in the secondary than primary is called a
Voltage is stepped up while the current is stepped down in the same proportion.A transformer is named for what it does to voltage
What is the transformer used to boost voltage to kilovoltage levels called
The voltage is varied at autotransformer then boosted to kilovoltage levels by the step-up transformer
Voltage coming to the x-ray machine is kept constant through the use of a(n)
Older x-ray machines require that the line voltage compensator be adjusted manually ,whereas newer equipment lets the machine do the adjustment islef
A step-down transformer
A transformer named for what it does to the voltage
Where does thermionic emission occur
Thermionic emission is the boiling off of the electrons from the filament wire
Which of the following device is prereading
The kVp meter indicates what does the voltage will be after being steeped up.Hence it is prereading
Which device is electronic,with increments of 0.001 second
The timer is accurate as low as 1/1000 of a second (which is 1 ms or 0.001 second)
What changes AC to DC
Rectifier changes incoming Alternating current from the power company to direct current for the use of the x-ray tube
Which device reduces voltage and provides current to produce an electron or space charge at the filament
Step-down transformer is found in the filament circuit
Which of the following is surrounded by a negatively charged focusing cup
The filament and focusing cup are part of the cathode assembly.The focusing cup has the negative charge at the moment of exposure so as to repel the electrons from the cathode
Which of the following is composed of solid-state,silicon-based diodes
The rectifier changes AC to DC
What regulates the duration of x-ray production
Most electronic devices uses an electronic timer
What is located in the x-ray circuit between the high voltage transformer and the x-ray tube
At this point ,AC is changed into DC so that current is flowing in only one direction through the x-ray tube
Which of the following measures tube current
Current is the flow of electrons ,as measured in the milliamperes (mA).Hence the mA meter provides the reading
What does spins at 3300 to 10,000 rpm
High speed anodes spins from 10,000 to 12,000 rotations per minute (rpm)
What devices uses maximum heat storage ability of the tube to deliver mAs
This type of load generator allows extremely short exposure times
What is the source of bremsstrahlung and characteristic rays
These are the x-rays produced by two types of interactions that occur between incident electrons from cathode and the tungsten atoms of the anode
What devices increases voltage approximately 500 times
This is where the voltage is boosted to kilovoltage levels
What is commonly used AEC
The ionization chamber is located between the patient and and the image receptor.Photo timer are seldom used
What device always delivers the shortest exposure time possible
Coupled with an electronic timer ,this result in times as short as 1/1000 second
What device is turned by a rotar
Pressing the rotar button activates a motor that turns the anode .It also begins the thermionic emission at the cathode
Which of the following is located between the patient and the image receptor
The ionization chamber is a wafer -thin chamber containing gas that is ionized by the x-rays passing through it.At a predetermined level of ionizaton,current flows that terminates the exposure
Filament is kept warm up by
The machine keeps the filament warm between exposures
Activating the rotor:
Each time the rotor is activated,thermionic emission begins occur at the filament.This heating of the filament causes tuungsten to evaporate,thus slowly deteriorating the filament.
when making an exposure,the radiographer should:
choice B is incorrect,although many first year students experience this actvity when technologies try to hurry them from the room!Choices A and D are incorrect because unnecessarily heating the filament actually reuces xray tube life.
The process of thermionic emission causes :
This causes a space charge or electron cloud to form around the filament.
The electron stream passes from cathode to anode because of ———passing through the x-ray tube.
This is the flow of electrons,as a result of AC being changed to DC in the rectifier.
Heat is produced in the x-ray tube as :
this is primarily a result of bremsstrahlung interactions at the anode.
Most of the energy conversions in the xray tube produces:
x rays and heat are produced at the anode.this is the result of a massive energy conversion in which more than the 99% of the incident electrons kinetic energy is convertedto heatenergy.
X rays are produced as incident electrons interact with target atoms by a process called:
As incident electrons fly past the atomic nuclei ,they are slowed ,causing the production of heat and xrays by bremsstrahlung.Xrays are also produced by the characteristics interaction
Xrays are produced as incident electrons interact with inner shell electrons in target atoms by a process called :
As incident electrons dislodge K shell electrons in the target material,outer shell eletcrons fall in ward to fill the holes.this cause the release of energy in the form of xrays with energy characterstics of the differnce in energy levels between the Kshell and Lshell.
What percentage of energy in the Xray tube is converted to Xrays?
More than 99% of the energy is converted into heat.
Which of the following are properties of Xrays?
The x-ray beam is :
The Xray emission spectrum consists of:
The Primary purpose of filtration is:
The amount of material needed to reduce the intensity of beam by 1/10 is called:
Which of the following statements regarding filtration is true??
Calculating heat units for three phase,12 pulse equipment requires the use of —– as a constant ;
Calculating heat units for single phase equipment requires the use of —- as a constant ;
Calculating heat units for three phase,6 pulse equipment requires the use of —– as a constant ;
When a quality control test is performed to ensure that the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam is accurate ,the result must be within what amount of the control panel setting?
The primary type of grid used in diagnostic imaging is:
The portion of the image intensifier tube that converts electron energy to visible lights is the:
The portion of the image intensifier tube that converts visible light to an electron image is the:
The input phosphor of the image intensifier tube converts:
Total brightness gain achieved using an image intensifier equals:
Single phase ,full wave rectification produces:
Three phase,6 pulse full wave rectification produces:
Three Phase,12 pulse full wave rectification produces:
The increase in average photon energy when using three phase ,6 pulse equipment compared with single phase equipment is:
The increase in average photon energy when using three phase ,12 pulse equipment compared with single phase equipment is:
Programs that deal with the safe and reliable operation of equipment and programs that address all aspects of the delivery of radiology services are called:
Examples of dedicated Xray equipment include:
The collimator must be accurate to a level of:
kVp must be accurate to within :
Exposure linearity must be accurate within :
Exposure reproducibility must be accurate to within:
When a spinning top test is performed on single phase equipment,a radiograph exhibiting four dots would indicate:
when a spinning top test is performed on three phase equipment,a timer setting of 1/60 second should indicate the following on the resultant radiographs:
The test that measures the accuracy of adjacent mA station is:
The test that measures the accuracy of successive exposures is:
Effective focal spot size may be measured using the following tools:
Resolution of the television system may be measured during the folowing tool
AEC s are tested during:
The amount of mA used for fluoroscopy is:
Marks on the focal track of the anode resulting from bombardment of electrons are called:
Effective quality control and quality assurance programs are required for accreditation by:
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