RADIOGRAPHER ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 9
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Density may be defined as:
The Radiographic image is formed by:
The Primary controlling factors of density are:
mAs controls the electrons flowing through the x-ray tube and striking the anode. Therefore it directly controls the no: of x-rays produced.In digital imaging ,brightness may be manipulated using window level.
Which of the following describes the relationship between mAs and density?
Whatever is changed in mAs directly impacts density.
The number of electrons boiled off the cathode and consequently the number of x-rays produced are controlled by:
mAs controls the electrons flowing through the x-ray tube and striking the anode.Therefore it directly controls the no: of x-rays produced.
The law stating that any combinations of mA and time that produce the same mAs value will produce the same radiographic density is the:
Sometimes written as mAs=mAs
The active portion of a CR IP is :
Photostimulable phosphor
mAs directly controls:
mAs is a quantitative factor
Differences in densities on a radiograph describe:
The primary controlling factor of contrast is :
kVp controls the wavelength and penetrating ability of the beam.In digital imaging window width can be used to manipulate the contrast.
The relationship between kVp and density may be described as:
It is governed by the 15% rule
The 15% rule states that:
Which of the following sttements are true concerning the role of kVp in radiographical production?
Think about each answer individually before answering the question
Given an original technique of 30mAs and 80KVp, which of the following would produce a radiograph with double the density?
The use of the 15% rule to increase kVp results in double the density
Which of the following governs the relationship between SID and density?
If SID is doubled , what may be said about radiographic density?
This is the another way of asking about the inverse square law.
If SID is reduced by one-half, what must be done to mAs to maintain a constant density?
This is the density maintenance formula.Note the question asks what to need to be done to maintain density, not what happens to density if nothing is changed .
Poorer recorded detail may be caused by which of the following factors?
1.Long SID
2. Long OID
3. Large focal spot
4. Small focal spot
5. Patient motion
6. Magnification
These factors all impact the geometry of the image.
In digital fluroscopy, what equipment should be used to view the image?
The monitor must be high resolution but can be plasma,LCD,LED etc.
A primary advantage to digital fluroscopy is:
Which of the following describes the relationship between radiographic density and use of grids?
This necessitates the use of grid conversation factors.
The use of filtration
Overall the beam is harder so contrast may be lower
As beam restriction increases(becomes tighter)
Which of the following affects radiographic density?
Due to change in SID resulting from the tube angle.
The variation of x-ray intensity along the longitudinal axis of the x-ray beam describes:
The intensity of the x-ray beam is actually a little higher toward the cathode side of the tube.
The thicker part of anatomy should be placed under which aspect of the x-ray tube?
Anode heel effect
The function of contrast is to:
Without contrast , produced by differential absorption of the x-ray beam, detail cannot be visible.
A radiographer with few gray tones,primarily exhibiting black and white,would be described as having what type of contrast?
Poorer recorded detail may be caused by which of the following factors?
This is the space from center to center of adjacent pixels.
High kVp produces which of the following
1.High contrast
2.Long scale contrast
3.short scale contrast
4.Low contrast
5.Many gray tones
The shorter wavelength beam more uniformly penetrates the various anatomic structures.
High kVp produces which of the following
1.High contrast
2. Few gray tones
3.Long scale contrast
4.short scale contrast
5.Low contrast
6.Many gray tones
More uniform penetration of anatomical structures occurs when what level of kVp is used?
Differential absorption of x-ray beam is a function of:
Photoelectric interaction results in absorption of incoming photons.It is also very influenced by the atomic number, not atomic mass , of anatomical structures
What effect does beam interaction have on contrast?
Compton interactions produce scatter,which causes contrast to decrease.
The adujustment in technical factors required when using beam restriction is:
Rays that have been removed from the beam must be restored by increasing mAs. The area being irradiated still remains smaller.
What effect does the use of radiographic grids have on contrast?
Many of the scatter photons are being absorbed by the grid resulting in higher contrast.
As the amount of beam filtration is increased:
The overall wavelength of the beam is shorter, resulting in lower contrast.
The portion of contrast that is caused by variations the anatomy or is secondary to pathological change is called
Recorded detail is
Controlled by SID, OID, anf focal spot size.
Better recorded detail may be caused by which of the following factors?
1.Long SID
2.Long OID
3.Short SID
4.Short OID
5.Large focal spot
6. Small focal spot
Optimal recorded detail may be created using which of the following factors?
Pixel pitch is very important to detail in digital imaging.
TFT is
Distortion may be described as
Choice b, c and d are examples of distortion.
Elongation and foreshortening are examples of:
Magnificatuion is caused by:
1.Short SID
2. Long SID
3. Short OID
4. Long OID
Optimal conditions are longer SID and shorter shorter OID.
Distortion that occurs when the x-ray beam is angles against the long axis of a part is:
This results in the part appearing shorter than it really is.
Distortion that occurs when the x-ray beam is angles along the long axis of a part is:
This result is a part appearing longer than it really is
The actual patient dose as measured by a meter embeded in the collimator is:
Digital imaging takes into account the total dose to the patient.
Quality assurance and maintenance of CR cassettes includes erasing plates at least:
Quality assurance of digital imaging requires the uniformity of processing codes to ensure:
But erasing daily is better and prefered.
Quality assurance and maintainence of CR cassettes includeserasing plates at least
A software function that evens the brightnessdisplayed in the image field is called:
However, smoothing may negatively imapct resolution.
Beam – part receptor alignment latitude describes:
Direction of collimated edges is crucial to obtaining an accurate histogram.
Exposure technique in digital imaging may be adjusted by:
This is in congruence with ALARA.
Digital imaging is more sensitive to:
Inappropriate collimation causes
The apperance of images on technologists monitors is:
Technologists monitor are not usually high definition(HD).
Digital imaging is driven by:
Total exposure reaching the IR.
Digital systems operate at what speed class?
An artificial increase in display contrast at an edge of the image is:
This enhances visibility of detail.
As speed class increases:
This may allow higher kVp and lower mAs,which causes an increase in quantum mottle or noise.
As speed class decreases:
More total exposure is required to produce a useful image.
Smoothing software may result in:
Excessive processing of the digital image may:
The more the image is processed the greater opportunity for image degradation.
A high SNR provides an image with:
There is a greater difference between the signal and any noise that may be present.
Quantum noise limits ability to see:
If the exposure field is not accurately recognized,the histogram will contain data:
Grid ratio is defined as:
Expressed as H/D.
Grid frequency is defined as:
Which of the following statements concerning grids are true?
Keep in mind that grids are used over part thickness of 10 cm;the grid conversion factors are used to chamnge mAs, not kVp;and grids don’t prevent the production of scatter ,they just try to absorb it after it is been produced.
A grid with lead strips and aluminium interspacers that are angled to coincide with the divergence of the x-ray beam is calleda:
These grids can be used only within a certain range of SIDs, as stated on the label on the grid.
The range of SIDs that may be used with a focused grid is called:
Using a focused grid outside of its grid radius result in grid cutoff.
The best scatter cleanup is achieved with the use of:
But crosshatch grids prevent angling of the tube are extremely susceptible to grid cutoff.
Grid cutoff may be described as:
Choice A is incorrect because decreased density in middle would not be caused by use of an inverted parallel grid.Choice B is incorrect because decreased density in middle of this radiograph.Choice C is incorrect because density would be decreased across the entire radiograph,depending on how the grid has been positioned.
When a nongrid technique using 10mAs and 75kVp is changed to a 12:1 grid using 75kvp, what new mAs must be used to maintain the same density as the original film?
The grid conversion factor or bucky factor for a 12:1 grid is 5 times the original mAs.
Use of airgap technique?
Even though not used much anymore, it is particularly effective on lateral cervical spine radiographs.
Use of technique charts?
Technique charts are generally not needed for exams when AECs are used.
When AEc is used, increasing the kVp:
Automatic exposure controls are set to terminate the exposure after a certain amount of radiation has passed through the ionization chamber. Consequently ,changes in kVp will have no effect on density. Some effect on contrast may occur if the change in kVp is substantial.
Materials that make flat panel detectors possible are:
Undesirable fluctuations in brightness are called:
The number of pixels making up the digital image is the:
The expression of image quality provide by a detector is called:
Modulation Transfer Function
Which of the following terms describes the highest spatial frequency that can be recorded by a digital detector?
What converts light into a charge?
The smallest area represented in the digital image is the:
Picture element
The number of pixels/mm in an image is called:
The space from the center of a pixel to the center of the adjacent pixel is called:
Mathematical code used to generate the digital image are called:
The process of assigning a value to each pixel to represent a gray tone is called:
A material that absorbs x-rays energy and emits part of that energy as visible light is called:
Bit depth is equal to:
Which of the following maintains image brightness over a wide range of exposure?
The available gray scale of an imaging system is determined by:
The smaller exposure change able to be captured by a detector is called:
An indicator of the dose level needed to acquire a optimal image is:
The usual image acquisition of an area of an image receptor is:
The smallest resolvable area in a digital imaging device is:
DEL
What allows more anatomical structures to be captured during an exposure?
The range of receptor exposures that provides a quality image is called:
Which of the following is a graphical representation of pixel values?
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