RADIOGRAPHER ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 13
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- Question 1 of 100
1. Question
1 pointsAttenuation:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
These changes may include absorption and scatter radiation.Radiation that emerges from the patient is called exit radiation
- Question 2 of 100
2. Question
1 pointsWhich photon tissue interaction makes radigraphy possible because of its creation of contrast?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Photoelectric interaction produces contrast as aresult of the incoming x-ray photons of the body ‘s tissues.Rays are completly absorbed in some areas of the patient.Choice A and b are types of scattering.Pair production does not occur in radiography.
- Question 3 of 100
3. Question
1 pointsWhich photon tissue interaction produces radiation that may expose others in the room during fluroscopy?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Compton interaction produces scattered photons that emerge from the patient in divergent path and expose the radiographer of radiologist.The photoelectric effect is responsible for total absorption of the incoming x-ray photon during attenuation.Coherent scattering and pair production occur when x-ray energies are beyond the moderate rate used in radiograophy.
- Question 4 of 100
4. Question
1 pointsThe traditional unit of absorbed dose is:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
RAD stands for radiation absorbed dose.The gray in the SI ,not the traditional unit of absorbed dose.The Curie is the traditional unit of radioactivity. The coulombs/ kilogram is the SI unit of radiation exposure in the air.
- Question 5 of 100
5. Question
1 pointsThe traditional unit of activity is
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The Curie used primarily in nuclear medicine,is the traditional unit of radioactivity.Becquerel SI unit of radioactivity,gray SI unit of absorbed dose.The radiation weighting factor is a value used to adjust the absorbed dose amount to compensate for the greater damage caused by some ionizing radiation
- Question 6 of 100
6. Question
1 pointsMeasurement of positive and negative particles created when ionizes atoms in the air helps define the:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The roentgen is the traditional measure of in-air exposure.Curie is a traditional unit of radioactivity.Becquerel measures radioactivity,gray measures absorbed dose
- Question 7 of 100
7. Question
1 pointsLinear energy transfer:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
LET varies because of different level of ionization.It occurs with high ionization radiation such as neutrons & alpha particles ,as well asduring x-ray & gamma ray procedures.
- Question 8 of 100
8. Question
1 pointsThe unit of curie would be used in what imaging modality?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The curie measures the quantity of radioactive material
- Question 9 of 100
9. Question
1 pointsGraph that shows the relationship between radiation received and the organism’s response are called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
This describes a dose -response curve, such as linear non- threshold.The H and D are characteristic curves represent the relationship between radiation exposure & optical density.
- Question 10 of 100
10. Question
1 pointsMedical x-rays are an example of:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Medical x-rays are an artificial source of ionizing radiation; diagnostic procedures account for the largest source of artificial radiation exposure to humans.Natural background radiation is contained in the environment
- Question 11 of 100
11. Question
1 pointsCataractogenesis does not occur at low levels of radiation exposure,it is best expressed by which of the following dose-response relationships?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
There is a ,definite safe, or threshold dose at which cataractogenesis does not occur.Occupational dose is the amount of radiation to which radiographer are exposed.
- Question 12 of 100
12. Question
1 pointsIncreased dose equals increased probability of effects best describes which of the following?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Be sure to review stochastic and nonstochastic ,deterministic and probabalistic.The severity ,not the probabilty, of nonstochastic effects increases with increased dose. direct effect and indirect effect differentiate whether the inital ionizing event occurs on the most radiosensitive molecule or on another molecule.
- Question 13 of 100
13. Question
1 pointsThe cumulative occupational exposure for a 22-year old radiographer is:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Occupational cumulative exposutre is determined by multiplying years of age times 1 rem
- Question 14 of 100
14. Question
1 pointsThe annual effective dose limit for the general public,assuming frequency exposure is:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The limit is important to keep in mind when considering ALARA
- Question 15 of 100
15. Question
1 pointsThe secondary productive barrier used in room shielding must be at least how thick?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Lead , not aluminium equivalent will absorb most of the scatter radiation energy. Because of the secondary barrier is located where only scatter or leakage occur ,1/32 inch lead equivalent is sufficient .Primary barrier requires 1/16 inch leaqd equivalent
- Question 16 of 100
16. Question
1 pointsThe intensity of the scattered beam is 1/1000 the intensity of the primary beama at a …………… angle 1m from the patient
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Photon lose considerable energy after scattering
- Question 17 of 100
17. Question
1 pointsIf the radiation dose 6 feet from the x-ray table is 5R,what is the dose at a distance of 3 feet?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The dose is determined by inverse square law.The distance was halved ;therefore the dose went up 4 times
- Question 18 of 100
18. Question
1 pointsThe minimum source to distance for fixed fluroscopes
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The minimum source to skin distance for fixed fluroscopes is 15 inches; for portable fluroscopes, 12 inches.Be sure to review these required distances.
- Question 19 of 100
19. Question
1 pointsThe use of gonadal shielding on female patients may reduce gonad dose by
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Gonadal shielding is more effective for females,reducing the gonad dose by up to 95%.
- Question 20 of 100
20. Question
1 pointsCells that are oxygenated are more susceptible to radiation damage;this describes:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Target theory states that for acell to die after radiation exposure , its master or target molecule DNA must be inactivated.The doubling dose is the dose of radiation necessary to produce twice the frequency of genetic mutations as would have occured in tha absence of the radiation
- Question 21 of 100
21. Question
1 pointsThe blood count is depressed after a whole-body dose equivalent of at least how many rads?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The dose equivalent at which blood count is depressed is much higher than diagnostic levels but may occur during radiation therapy.
- Question 22 of 100
22. Question
1 pointsHighly reactive ions that have unpaired electrons in the outershell are called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
This is the definition of free radicals,which can cause biologic damage to the cell.Some free radicals may chemically combine to form hydrogen peroxide.Radiolysis results in an ion pair in the cell: a positively charged water molecule and a free electron.
- Question 23 of 100
23. Question
1 pointsThe process of somatic cell division is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Cytogenesis refers to the origin and development of cells.Spermatogenesis is the development of spermatoza. Organogenesis refers to the formation and differentiation of organs during embryonic development.Germcell division is called meiosis.
- Question 24 of 100
24. Question
1 pointsThe master molecule that directs cell activities is:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
According to target theory, substantial research indicates that DNA,contained in the cellular nucleus, is the master molecule.Hydrogenperoxide is a poison that cause damage to the cell.A free radical is highly reactive ion with unpaired electrons in the outer shell. RNA transmits genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell.
- Question 25 of 100
25. Question
1 pointsThe most common effect from exposure to ionizing radiation is:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Although all of these effects may occur, the most common result of LET is no effect.However, ALARA must still be practiced
- Question 26 of 100
26. Question
1 pointsMost radiation -induced damage to cell occurs:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Adult nerve tissue and even immature cells, which are very radiosensitive,require doses of radiation higher than those used in medical diagnostic procedures,although ALARA must still be practiced
- Question 27 of 100
27. Question
1 pointsRadiation doses up to ………… are considered relatively low risk to the embryo and fetus
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Doses lower than 50 to 20 still pose low risk to the embryo fetus, so ALARA must still be practiced
- Question 28 of 100
28. Question
1 pointsA concept of radiologic practice that encourages radiation users to adopt measures that keep the dose to the patient and themselves at minimum levels is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
As low as reasonably achievable is a concept used in radiography to protect both the patient and the radiographer.
- Question 29 of 100
29. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following is relatively insensitive of radiation?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Epithelialtissue and reproductive cells including immature sperm cells,are highly radiosensitive. On the other hand, adult nerve tissue requires very high dose to cause damage,although ALARA must still be practiced because once cells are damaged,repair may not take place.
- Question 30 of 100
30. Question
1 pointsSomatic effects of radiation:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
In general these take large doses to manifest themselves
- Question 31 of 100
31. Question
1 pointsThe best way to keep radiation dose to the patient low is:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Repeats double the dose to the patient for each exposure
- Question 32 of 100
32. Question
1 pointsX-rays may remove electrons from atom in the body by a process called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
This is what may cause harmful effects
- Question 33 of 100
33. Question
1 pointsIonization may cause:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Ionization is multifacted.
- Question 34 of 100
34. Question
1 pointsCell damage may be exhibited as:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Cell damage may be exhibited as loss of function or abnormal function
- Question 35 of 100
35. Question
1 pointsDamage to the cell being irradiated is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Damage from somatic effects is evident in the organism being irradiated.Most of the time these effects are benign.Genetic damage is passed to the next generation
- Question 36 of 100
36. Question
1 pointsRadiation effects that show up in the next generation are called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Somatic effects are evident in the organisms being irradiated.
- Question 37 of 100
37. Question
1 pointsRadiation that is contained in the environment is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
There is no control over natural background radiation, which has been present in the environment since the formation of the universe.Choice A.B and D all refer to artificially produced radiation ,that made by humans.
- Question 38 of 100
38. Question
1 pointsBackground radiation is the source of what present of human exposure?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Natural background radiation ,which has been present since the formation of the universe ,accounts for 50% of human exposure.The greatest single source is radon.
- Question 39 of 100
39. Question
1 pointsThe annual effective dose per person from natural background radiation is approximately:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
You can assume the natural background radiation would below the annual recommended limits of exposure from diagnostic imaging.All choice are below this limit, choice B is correct. Background exposure is not high but is always present.
- Question 40 of 100
40. Question
1 pointsThe greatest source of natural background radiation to human is:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
radon which exists as a gas ,account for 50% of human exposure to natural background radiation
- Question 41 of 100
41. Question
1 pointsAccording to NCRP report #160, the increase in total exposure is primarily attributed to increase use of:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The huge increase in the use of CT since the 1980’s has primarily caused this increase.
- Question 42 of 100
42. Question
1 pointsAccording to NCRP report #160, interventional fluroscopy contributes approximately what amount to the annual dose to the population?
CorrectIncorrect - Question 43 of 100
43. Question
1 pointsCT accounts for approximately what percent dose to the population?
CorrectIncorrect - Question 44 of 100
44. Question
1 pointsUsing data from NCRP Report #160, the typical dose for an upper GI is:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 45 of 100
45. Question
1 pointsNCRP report #160 indicates the dose for an examination of the extremities is:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 46 of 100
46. Question
1 pointsThe smaller particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element is a(n):
CorrectIncorrect - Question 47 of 100
47. Question
1 pointsAtomic mass refers to:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 48 of 100
48. Question
1 pointsX-ray travel as bundle of energy called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
X-ray exit the anode as burst of energy known as photons
- Question 49 of 100
49. Question
1 pointsThe height of sine wave is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
We usually focuse frequency and wavelength due to their relevance in imaging
- Question 50 of 100
50. Question
1 pointsThe number of x-ray waves passing a given point per unit time is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Frequency is inverse to wavelength
- Question 51 of 100
51. Question
1 pointsThe transformer that operates on principle of self induction is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Other transformers operates on principle of mutual induction
- Question 52 of 100
52. Question
1 pointsElectronic timers used in x-ray equipment allow for exposure times of:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
One millisecond is the shortest time possible
- Question 53 of 100
53. Question
1 pointsTo ensure consistency of radiographic quality from one exposure to the next, which device may be used?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Automatic exposure control is the only choice that has to do with consistency of radiographic quality.
- Question 54 of 100
54. Question
1 pointsWhat happens when a predetermined level of ionization is reached in the ionization chamber?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Choice A does not make sense because if a precedence level of ionization is reached, the unit could not be malfunctioning because it reached that predetermined level.
- Question 55 of 100
55. Question
1 pointsAn x-ray machine that makes maximum use of heat loading potential uses:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
A Falling load generator allows very short exposure times by taking advantage of adjusting to the shortest exposure time and highest mA allowed by high- voltage generator ,but it is not capable of long exposure times.
- Question 56 of 100
56. Question
1 pointsAn x-ray machine that makes maximum use of heat loading potential uses a(n):
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
A Falling load generator allows very short exposure times by taking advantage of tube hear loading potential.When the tube ‘s maximum heat load has been reached for a set mA,the generator drops the mA to the next lower level that the tube can handle.
- Question 57 of 100
57. Question
1 pointsDevices in the x-ray circuit that operates on the principle of mutual induction are called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Transformers operates on the principle of mutual induction.They are either step-up or step-down transformers
- Question 58 of 100
58. Question
1 pointsThe high – voltage section of the x-ray circuit makes use of what type of transformer?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The step-up transformer, also called as high voltage transformer,increases or steps up the voltage to kilovoltage levels.
- Question 59 of 100
59. Question
1 pointsThe device in the x-ray circuit that changes AC to DC is the:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
DC is needed for the x-ray tube and a rectifier changes AC to DC.
- Question 60 of 100
60. Question
1 pointsWhat type of current is required for the proper operation of the x-ray tube?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The x-ray tube requires a DC to operate properly.The rectifier changes AC to DC. Choice B and D do not describe a type of current that can be eliminated immediately.
- Question 61 of 100
61. Question
1 pointsModern rectifiers are made of:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
If 2 two very similar choices are presented,one of them is usually the correct answer.silicon is the non metallic chemical element often used in the manufacture of rectifiers.Silicon based semiconductors are solid state diodes.
- Question 62 of 100
62. Question
1 pointsThe result of thermionic emission is
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Thermionic emission occurs when one filament is heated to a level that causes the electrons to be “boiled off” or emitted creating a cloud of electrons at the cathode.Therm refers to heat, ion refers to a chrged particle,and emit means “to giveoff”.
- Question 63 of 100
63. Question
1 pointsThe focusing cup is located at the:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The focusing cup is part of cathode assembly it keep the electron stream narrow.
- Question 64 of 100
64. Question
1 pointsAn interaction that produces x-rays at the anode as aresult of outer shell electrons filling holes in the K-shell is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
This is a description of characteristic radiation.Although both characteristics and brems radiation produces x-ray at the anode, brems radiation occurs when a projectile electron misses the outer shell target electrons and moves close to the nucleus.brems radiation brems radiation brems radiation.Photoelectric effect does involves outershell electrons filling holes in the K- shell it does not produce x-rays at the anode. Both photoelectric effect and compton interaction which produces scatter radiation ,occur in the body.
- Question 65 of 100
65. Question
1 pointsWhen a quality control test is performed to ensure to ensure that adjacent mA stations are accurate,the result must be within the amount of one another:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Adjacent mA stations would be within 10 % of one another.
- Question 66 of 100
66. Question
1 pointsWhen a quality control test is performed to ensure that the same exposure factors produce x-ray output, succesive exposures must be within this amount of one another:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
When exposure reproducibility is tested, variation is measured radiation intensity should not be more than 5%.
- Question 67 of 100
67. Question
1 pointsWhen a quality control test is performed to ensure that the collimator is providing appropriate radiation protection, the result must be within this amount?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The collimator must be accurate to within 2 % of SID
- Question 68 of 100
68. Question
1 pointsIn digital fluroscopy ,the image should be viewed on what device to make advantage of the digital capabilities?
CorrectIncorrect - Question 69 of 100
69. Question
1 pointsA primary advantage of digital fluroscopy is:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Post processing provides for manipulation of the image
- Question 70 of 100
70. Question
1 pointsThe active portion of a CR imaging plate is:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 71 of 100
71. Question
1 pointsEnergy in a CR imaging plate is released after exposure to:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
This occurs in reader unit
- Question 72 of 100
72. Question
1 pointsIn digital fluroscopy and computed radiography ,the energy must be changed to digital form by a(n):
CorrectIncorrect - Question 73 of 100
73. Question
1 pointsAn algorithm is:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 74 of 100
74. Question
1 pointsIn computed radiography,each pixel corresponds to a shade of gray representing in area in the patient known as a(n):
CorrectIncorrect - Question 75 of 100
75. Question
1 pointsA digital image is composed of rows and columns known as:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 76 of 100
76. Question
1 pointsImage brightness in computed radiography may be adjusted by:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Window width adjust Contrast
- Question 77 of 100
77. Question
1 pointsThe window level in computed radiography is the:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 78 of 100
78. Question
1 pointsRadiographic contrast in computed radiography may be adjusted by changing the:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Window level adjust brightness
- Question 79 of 100
79. Question
1 pointsThe amount of darkness on a radiograph is controlled primarily by
CorrectIncorrect - Question 80 of 100
80. Question
1 pointsThe visible image may alse be called the:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 81 of 100
81. Question
1 pointsThe quantity of x-rays produced is directly controlled by:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
- Question 82 of 100
82. Question
1 pointsThe rule or law that governs changing technique using kVp is the:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
This is governed by 15% rule
- Question 83 of 100
83. Question
1 pointsGiven an original technique of 10 mAs and 70 kVp,which of the following would produce a radiograph with double the density?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
mAs has been doubled.
- Question 84 of 100
84. Question
1 pointsIf SID is halved,what may be said about radiographic density?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
This is governed by the Inverse square law.
- Question 85 of 100
85. Question
1 pointsThe letter TFT stands for
CorrectIncorrect - Question 86 of 100
86. Question
1 pointsDistortion that effects the size of the object as represented on the radiographic image is called:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
There is no Minification
- Question 87 of 100
87. Question
1 pointsShape distortion may take the form of:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
These are 2 types of shape distortion.
- Question 88 of 100
88. Question
1 pointsA longer than usual OID may cause
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
An increase in OID will cause Magnification
- Question 89 of 100
89. Question
1 pointsCR cassettes should be erased:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
This is a recommendation.They must be erased at least every 48 hours
- Question 90 of 100
90. Question
1 pointsThe equation of H/D describes:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Height of the lead strips divided by the distance between them
- Question 91 of 100
91. Question
1 pointsIf the exposure field is not accurately recognized,the histogram:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 92 of 100
92. Question
1 pointsNoise increases with an increase in:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Fewer x-rays are required to produce an image .This cause an increase in noise or quantum mottle.
- Question 93 of 100
93. Question
1 pointsEdge enhancement provides:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 94 of 100
94. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following grid errors would result in an image that shows normal density in the middle but decreased density on the sides and may follow removal and replacement of the grid?
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
If the grid is placed in this position ,rays can only get through the middle of the grid.
- Question 95 of 100
95. Question
1 pointsGrid frequency is described as the:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 96 of 100
96. Question
1 pointsWhen working with CR and DR , one must be aware that their response to scatter radiation is:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 97 of 100
97. Question
1 pointsThe images on radiologist’s monitors appear:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
Generally, diagnostic stations have higher resolution monitors
- Question 98 of 100
98. Question
1 pointsA histogram analysis error may be caused by:
CorrectIncorrect - Question 99 of 100
99. Question
1 pointsSmoothing provides:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
The overall noise is evened out by this process.
- Question 100 of 100
100. Question
1 pointsConsistency of image appearence is achieved through the use of:
CorrectIncorrectExplanation:
It is important that proper algorithms be used for each projection