Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in adults is defined as glucose of:

The following results are from a 21 yr old patient with a back injury who appears otherwise healthy: whole blood glucose:       77mg/dl (4.2 mmol/L serum glucose:                88 mg/dl (4.8 mmol/L CSF glucose:               56 mg/dl (3.1 mmol/L

The preparation of a patient for standard for glucose tolerance testing should include:

If a fasting glucose was 90 mg/dl, which of the following 2hr postprandial glucose results would most closely represent normal glucose metabalism

A healthy person with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dl (4.4 mmol/L would have a simultaneously determined cerebrospinal fluid glucose value of:

A 25 yr old man became nauseated and vomited 90 minutes after receiving a standard 75g carbohydrate dose for an oral glucose tolerance test. the best course of action is to:

Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be:

Which of the following 2 hr postprandial glucose values demonstrates unequivocal hyperglycemia diagnostic for biabetes mellitus

Serum levels that define hypoglycemia in pre-term or low birth weight infants are:

A 45-year old woman has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L and a 2-hour postprandial glucose concentration of 105 mg/dL(5.8 mmol/L. The statement which best describes this patient’s fasting serum glucose concentration is:

Pregnant women with symptoms of thirst, frequent urination or unexplained weight loss should have which of the following tests performed?

In the fasting state, the arterial blood and the capillary blood glucose concentration varies from venous glucose concentration by approximately how many mg/dl (mmol/L

The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called:

Which of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test are diagnosticof diabetes mellitus?

The glycated hemoglobin value represents the integrated values of glucose concentration during the preceding:

Monitoring long-term glucose control in patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best be accomplished by measuring:

A patient with type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has the following results: test patient referance range fasting blood glucose 150 mg/dl (8.3 mmol/L 70-110 mg/dl (3.9-6.1 mmol/L hemoglobin A1c 8.5% 4.0%-6.0% fructosamine 2.5 mmol/L 2.0- 2.9 mmol/L

The glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the:

Which of the following hemoglobins has a glucose-6-phosphate on the amino-terminal valine of the beta chain:

A person with hemolytic anemia will:

In using ion-exchange chromotographic methods, falsely increased levels of hgb A1c might be demonstrated in the presence of:

An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of:

An infant with diarrhea is being evaluated for a carbohydrate intolerance. his stool yields a positive copper reduction test and a ph of 5.0. it should be concluded that

Blood samples were collected at the beginning of an excercise class and afer thirty minutes of aerobic activity. which of the following would be most consistent with the post exercise sample?

What is the best method to diagnose lactase deficiency?

The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern of:

Severe diarrhea causes

The following blood gas results were obtained: pH: 7.18 PO2: 86 mm Hg PCO2: 60 mm Hg O2 saturation: 92% HCO3: 7921 mEq/L (21 mmol/L TCO2: 23 mEq/L (23mmol/L base excess: -8.0 mEq/L (-8.0 mmol/L The patients results are compatible with which of the following?

Factors that contribute to a PCO2 electrode requiring 60-120 seconds to reach equilibrium include the:

An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is the likely to be in what metabolic state?

At blood ph 7.40, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?

The referance range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37 degree celsius is:

A 68 year-old man arrives in the emergency room with a glucose level of 722 mg/dl (39.7 mmol/L and serum acetone of 4+ undiluted. an arterial blood gas from this patient is likely to be

A patient is admitted to the emergency room in a state of metaboolic alkalosis. which of the following would be consistent with diagnosis?

A person suspected of having metabolic alkalosis would have which of the following laboratory findings?

Metabolic acidosis is described as a (n:

Respiratory acidosis is described as a (n:

A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is:

Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 content due to changes in:

A blood gas sample was sent to the lab on ice and a bubble was present in the syringe. the blood  had been exposed to room air for at least 30 minutes. The following change in blood gases will occur

The following laboratory results were obtained: Serum electrolytes sodium: 136 mEq/L(136mmol/L potassium: 4.4 mEq/L(4.4mmol/L chloride: 92 mEq/L(92mmol/L bicarbonate: 40 mEq/L(40mmol/L Arterial blood pH: 7.32 PCO2: 79 mm Hg These results are most compatible with:

Select the test which evaluates renal tubular function:

A patient has the following serum results: Na: 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L K: 4.0 mEq/L (4.0 mmol/L glucose: 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L BUN: 10 mg/dL (3.57 mmol/L Which osmolaity is consistent with these results?

The degree to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate can be determined by:

Osmolal gap is aa difference between:

The most important buffer pair in plasma is the

Quantitation of Na+ and K+ by ion-selective electrode is the standard method because:

What battery of tests is most useful in evaluating an anion gap of 22 mEq/L (22 mmol/L ?

A patient with myeloproliferative disorder has the following values: Hgb:            10 g/dL ( 130 mmol/L Hct:              38% WBC:           30 x 10^3/uL (30 x 10^9/L platelets:     1000 x 10^/uL (1000 x 10^9/L serum Na:   140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L serum K:      7 mEq/L (7 mmol/L The serum K should be confirmed by:

Most of the carbon dioxide present in blood in the form of:

Serum “anion gap” is increased in patients with:

The anion gap is useful for quality control of laboratory results for:

The buffering capacity of blood is maintained by a reversible exchange process between bicarbonate and:

In respiratory acidosis, a compensatory mechanism is the increase in :

Which of the following electrolytes is the chief plasma cation whose main fuction is maintaining osmotic pressure?

A potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L (6.8 mmol/L is obtatined. Before reporting the results, the first step the technologist should take is to:

The solute that contributes the most to the total serum osmolality is:

A sweat chloride result of 55 mEq/L (55 mmol/L and a sweat sodium of 52 mEq/L (52 mmol/L were obtatined on a patient who has a respiratory problems. The best interpretation of these results is:

Which of the following is true about direct ion selective electrode is falsely decreased by:

Sodium determination by indirect ion selective electrode is falsely decreased by:

A physician requested that electrolytes on a multiple myeloma patient specimen be run by direst ISE abnd not indirect ISE because:

Which percentage of total serum calcium is nondiffusible protein bound?

Calcium concentration in the serum is regulated by:

The regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism is accomplished by which of the following glands?

A patient has the following test results:       increased serum calcium levels       decreased serum phosphate levels       increased level sof parathyroid hormone This patient most likely has:

Calcium concentration in the serum is regulated by:

Which is the following is most likely to be ordered in addition to serum calcium to determine the cause of tetany?

A reciprocal relationship exists between:

Fasting serum phosphate concentration is controlled primarily by the:

A low concentration of serum phosphorus is commonly found in:

The following laboratory results were obtainted:                      Calcium          Alkaline Phosphate       Alkaline Phosphatase serum:        increased       decreased                        normal or increased urine:            increased      increased These results are most compatible with:

The primary function serum albumin in the peripheral blood is to:

The first step in analyzing a 24-hour urine specimen for quantitative urine protein is:

The following data was obtained from a cellulose acetate protein electrophoresis scan: albumin area: 75 units gamma globulin area: 30 units total area: 180 units total protein: 6.5 g/dL (6.5 g/L The gamma globulin content in g/dL is:

Total iron-binding capacity measures the serum iron transporting  capacity of :

The first step in the quantitation of serum iron is:

To assure an accurate ammonia level result, the specimen should be:

Erroneous ammonia levels can be eliminated by all of the following except:

A serum sample demonstrates an elevated result when tested with the Jaffe reaction. This indicates:

Creatinine clearance is used to estimate the:

A blood creatinine value of 5.0 mg/dL (442 umol/L is most likely to be found with which of the following blood values?

Which of the following is an example of a peptide bond?

90% of the copper present in the blood is bound to:

Hemoglobin S can be separated from hemoglobin D by:

On electrophoresis at alkaline pH, which of the following is the slowest migrating hemoglobin?

The following bilirubin results are obtained on a patient: day 1:  4.3 mg/dL (73.5 umol/L             day 2:  4.6 mg/dL (78.7 umol/L day 3:  4.5 mg/dL (77.0 umol/L day 4:  2.2 mg/dL (37.6 umol/L day 5:  4.4 mg/dL (75.2 umol/L day 6:  4.5 mg/dL (77.0 umol/L    Given that the controls were within range each day, what is a probable explanation for the result on day 4?

Urobilinogen is formed in the:

A serum sample was assayed for bilirubin at 10am , and the result was 12 mg/dL (205.6 umol/L. The same sample was retested at 3pm. The result now is 8 mg/dL (136.8 umol/L. The most likely explanation for this discrepancy is:

Serial bilirubin determinations are charted below.            Day           Collected           Assayed        Result       1                7 AM                   8 AM                14.0 mg/dL (239.4 umol/L       2                7 AM                   6 PM                9.0   mg/dL (153.9 umol/L       3                6 AM                   8 AM                15.0 mg/dL (256.5 umol/L The best explanation for the results is:

Kernicterus is an abnormal accumulation of bilirubin in:

A stool specimen that appears black and tarry should be tested for the presence of:

The most specific enzyme test for acute pancreatitis is:

Which of the following enzymes are used in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of starch to glucose and maltose?

A physician suspects his patient has pancreatitis. Which test(s would be most indicative of this disease?

Aspartate amino transferase (AST is characteristically elevated in diseases of the:

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT are both elevated in which of the following diseases ?

The greatest activities of serum AST and ALT are seen in which of the following?

Which of the following clinical disorders is associated with the greatest elevation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1?

 The enzyme, which exists chiefly in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain, is grossly elevated in active muscular dystrophy, and rises early in myocardial infarction is: