RADIOGRAPHER ONLINE EXAM PRACTICE KIT 7

Question 1 of 100

1. Question

1 points

According to NCRP Report #160, natural background radiation represents what percentage of human’s radiation exposure?

21%
50%
82%
5%

Question 2 of 100

2. Question

1 points

According to NCRP Report #160, the greatest source of natural background radiation exposure is:

Cosmic rays
Radioactive materials
The body itself
Radon gas

Question 3 of 100

3. Question

1 points

Cosmic radiation:

Is present only in space
Is a source of exposure only to persons who lie in the sun
Is a concern only to space travelers
Is greater at high altitudes because of a thinner atmospheric shield

Question 4 of 100

4. Question

1 points

Radon gas:

Presents a danger when undetected
It present in doses proportional to other sources
Part of an artificial background radiation dose
Is entirely human- made
Is the source of 100% of annual background dose

Question 5 of 100

5. Question

1 points

X rays and gamma rays used in diagnostic imaging are:

Not of concern because the beam is filtered
Part of the natural background dose
part of an artificial background radiation dose
An insignificant dose to the general population because they are used safely

Question 6 of 100

6. Question

1 points

A personnel monitoring device that is accurate to 1 mrem is the:

Thermoluminescent dosimeter
Film badge
Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
Pocket ionization chamber

Question 7 of 100

7. Question

1 points

The gratest source of human – produced radiation exposure is:

Radon gas
Medical x-ray and gamma ray imaging procedures
MRI scans
Sonograms

Question 8 of 100

8. Question

1 points

Which of the following is not apart of background radiation?

Dental X-rays
Microwave ovens
Radon gas
Weapons testing

Question 9 of 100

9. Question

1 points

Which of the following occurs at greater than 1.02 electron volts?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 10 of 100

10. Question

1 points

Which of the following is also known as “coherent scattering?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 11 of 100

11. Question

1 points

Which of the following photon tissue interactions does not occur in diagnostic radiography?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 12 of 100

12. Question

1 points

Which of the following is responsible for producing contrast on the radiograph?

. Photoelectric interaction Photoelectric interaction b.Compton interaction c. Classic scatter d.Pair production
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 13 of 100

13. Question

1 points

Which of the following produces scatter radiation that exits the patient and may fog the radiograph?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 14 of 100

14. Question

1 points

Which of the following produces scatter as a result of orbital electrons

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 15 of 100

15. Question

1 points

Which of the following results in total absorption of an incident x-ray photon?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 16 of 100

16. Question

1 points

Which of the following is the only photon-tissue interaction that does not result in ionization?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 17 of 100

17. Question

1 points

Which of the following involves interaction between an incident photon and an atomic nucleus?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 18 of 100

18. Question

1 points

Which of the following photon- tissue interactions primarily involves k-shell electrons?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 19 of 100

19. Question

1 points

Which of the following primarily involves loosely bound outer-shell electrons?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 20 of 100

20. Question

1 points

Which of the following results in the production of a photoelectron that is ejected from the atom?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 21 of 100

21. Question

1 points

Which of the following photon tissue interactions necessitates the use of a grid?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 22 of 100

22. Question

1 points

Which of the following may result in occupational exposure for a radiographer?

Photoelectric interaction
Compton interaction
Classic scatter
Pair production

Question 23 of 100

23. Question

1 points

What is the traditional unit of measurement that equals 100 ergs of energy deposited per gram of tissue?

Roentgen
Rad
Rem
Curie

Question 24 of 100

24. Question

1 points

What is the traditional unit of measurement that is derived from multiplying rad by a radiation weioghting factor?

Roentgen
Gray
Rem
Curie

Question 25 of 100

25. Question

1 points

Which of the following units would be used to describe the radiation present in a fluroscopic room?

Roentgen
Rad
Rem
Curie

Question 26 of 100

26. Question

1 points

The amount of energy deposited by the radiation per unnit lenght of tissue being traversed by

LET, which determines the use of a Wr when the equivalent dose is being calculated
Linear energy transfer
Higher for wave radiations than for particulate radiations
LET,which is expressed as aWr when absorbed dose is being calculated

Question 27 of 100

27. Question

1 points

The agency that enforces radiation protection standards relating to radioactive material at the federal level is the:

Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC)
American Society of Radiolologic Technologists(ASRT)
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements(NCRP)
Bureau of Radiological Health(BRH)

Question 28 of 100

28. Question

1 points

Effective dose limit is defined as the upper boundary dose that:

Can be absorbed annualy with a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to the individual
Can be absorbed , either in single exposure or annually, with no risk of damage to the individual
Can be absorbed , either in a single exposure or annually, with no risk of damage to the individual
Can be absorbed , either in a single exposure or annually, with a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to the individual

Question 29 of 100

29. Question

1 points

ALARA is an acronym for:

As long as reasonably achievable
As little as reasonably achievable
As long as radiologist allows
A radiation protection concept that encourages radiation users to keep the dose to the patient as low as reasonably achievable

Question 30 of 100

30. Question

1 points

What are graphs called that show the relationship between dose of radiation received and incidence of effects?

Nonlinear-nonthreshold effect
Linear-nonthreshold effect
H&D curves
Dose-response curves

Question 31 of 100

31. Question

1 points

What agency publishes radiation protection standards based on scientific research?

Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC)
American Society of Radiologic Technologists(ASRT)
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements(NCRP)
Bureau bof Radiological Health(BRH)

Question 32 of 100

32. Question

1 points

Which of the following is basis for all radiation protection standards?

Nonlinear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- threshold effect
Nonliinear- threshold effect

Question 33 of 100

33. Question

1 points

Which of the following means that there is no safe level of radiation, and the response to the radiation is not directly proportional to the dose received?

Nonlinear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- threshold effect
Nonliinear- threshold effect

Question 34 of 100

34. Question

1 points

Which of the following means that there is no safe level of radiationfor certain effects,and those effects are directly proportional to the dose received when the safe level is exceeded?

Nonlinear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- threshold effect
Nonliinear- threshold effect

Question 35 of 100

35. Question

1 points

Which of the following means that there is no safe level of radiation, and the response to the radiation is directly proportional to the dose received?

Nonlinear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- threshold effect
Nonliinear- threshold effect

Question 36 of 100

36. Question

1 points

Which of the following means that there is safe level of radiation, and those effects are not directly proportional to the dose received when the safe level is exceeded?

Nonlinear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- nonthreshold effect
Linear- threshold effect
Nonliinear- threshold effect

Question 37 of 100

37. Question

1 points

Effects of radiation that occur randomly , with the probablity of such effects being proportional to the dose received , are called:

Dose-response curves
Deterministic effects
Genetic effects
Somatic effects

Question 38 of 100

38. Question

1 points

Effects of radiation that become more severe at higher levels of exposure once the threshold dose is exceeded are called:

Dose-response curves
Deterministic effects
Genetic effects
Somatic effects

Question 39 of 100

39. Question

1 points

What is the embryo or fetus equivalent dose limit per month?

5 rem
0.1 rem
0.5 rem
0.05 rem

Question 40 of 100

40. Question

1 points

Occupational cumulative exposure = age in years * what dose?

5 rem
0.1 rem
0.5 rem
1 rem

Question 41 of 100

41. Question

1 points

The annual occupational effective dose limit for stochastic effects is:

5 rem
0.1 rem
0.5 rem
0.05rem

Question 42 of 100

42. Question

1 points

What is the annual effective dose limit for radiography students younger than age 18?

5 rem
0.1 rem
0.5
0.05

Question 43 of 100

43. Question

1 points

What is the annual effective dose limit for the general public ,assuming infrequent exposure?

5 rem
0.1 rem
0.5 rem
0.05 rem

Question 44 of 100

44. Question

1 points

What is the embryo or fetus equivalent dose limit for gestation?

5 rem
0.1 rem
0.5 rem
0.05 rem

Question 45 of 100

45. Question

1 points

What is the annual effective dose limit for the general public ,assuming frequent exposure?

5 rem
0.1 rem
0.5 rem
0.05 rem

Question 46 of 100

46. Question

1 points

What is the annual effective dose limit for the general public for the lens of the eye?

1.5 rem
0.1 rem
0.5 rem
0.05 rem

Question 47 of 100

47. Question

1 points

The Wr used in calculating rem takes into account which of the following?

Meiosis
Age
LET
Pregnancy

Question 48 of 100

48. Question

1 points

LET and biological damage are:

Directly proportional
Indirectly proportional
Inversely proportional
Unrelated

Question 49 of 100

49. Question

1 points

The ability of different types of radiation to produce the same biologic response in an organism is called:

LET
WR
RBE
Doubling dose

Question 50 of 100

50. Question

1 points

The phases of cellular life cycle , in order are:

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase,telophase
Interphase,Prophase, metaphase,anaphase,telophase
G1,S, G2 ,telophase
Interphase(G1,S, G2),Prophase, metaphase, anaphase,telophase

Question 51 of 100

51. Question

1 points

The process of celldivision of germs cells is called as:

Mitosis
Spermatogenesis
Organogenesis
Meiosis

Question 52 of 100

52. Question

1 points

Which of the following occurs when radiation transfers its energy to DNA

Indirect effect
Target theory
Direct effect
Mutations

Question 53 of 100

53. Question

1 points

Which of the following states that each cell has a master molecule that direct all cellular activities and that, if inactivated , results in cellular death?

Indirect effect
Target theory
Direct effect
Mutations

Question 54 of 100

54. Question

1 points

Which of the following describes the amount of radiation required to increase the number of mutations ina population by a factor of 2?

Indirect effect
Target theory
Doubling dose
Mutations

Question 55 of 100

55. Question

1 points

What occurs when radiation transfers its energy to the cellular cytoplasm?

Indirect effect
Target theory
Direct effect
Doubling dose

Question 56 of 100

56. Question

1 points

Which of the following includes radiolysis?

Indirect effect
Target theory
Direct effect
Doubling dose

Question 57 of 100

57. Question

1 points

What is the name for changes in genetic code passed on to the next generation?

Indirect effect
Target theory
Direct effect
Mutations

Question 58 of 100

58. Question

1 points

Which of the following is responsible for producing free radicals?

Indirect effect
Target theory
Direct effect
Doubling dose

Question 59 of 100

59. Question

1 points

What occurs when the master molecule is struck by radiation?

Indirect effect
Target theory
Direct effect
Doubling dose

Question 60 of 100

60. Question

1 points

Which of the following poisons the cell with H2 O2?

Indirect effect
Target theory
Direct effect
Doubling dose

Question 61 of 100

61. Question

1 points

Most of the damage to a cell occurs as a result of:

Direct effect
Mutations
Law of Bergonic and Tribondeau
Indirect effect

Question 62 of 100

62. Question

1 points

The law states that cells are most sensitive to radiation when they are nonspecialized and rapidly dividing is the:

Inverse square law
Law of Bergonic and Tribondeau
Reciprocity law
Ohm's law

Question 63 of 100

63. Question

1 points

Cell radiosensitivity described by the:

Inverse square law
Law of Bergonic and Tribondeau
Reciprocity law
Ohm's law

Question 64 of 100

64. Question

1 points

Cells are more radiosensitive when:

Fully oxygenated
Deoxygenated
Slowly dividing
Near the skin

Question 65 of 100

65. Question

1 points

Blood count can be depressed with a whole body dose of:

25 rem
25 mrem
1 rem
10 rem

Question 66 of 100

66. Question

1 points

The most radiosensitive cells in the body are:

Lymphocytes
Epithelial cells
Nerve cells
Muscle cells

Question 67 of 100

67. Question

1 points

Cells are least sensitive to radiation exposure include:

Ova and sperm
Epithelial cells
Nerve and muscle cells
Blood cells

Question 68 of 100

68. Question

1 points

Compared with younger and older women , ova in women of reproductive age are:

More radiosensitive
Less radiosensitive
About the same

Question 69 of 100

69. Question

1 points

Most somatic effects occur

At doses delivered during diagnostic radiography
At doses beyond used during diagnostic radiography
In middle age
In old age because of increase in middle care

Question 70 of 100

70. Question

1 points

Somatic effects manifest in:

The person who has been irradiated
The next generation
New borns
Imaging technologies

Question 71 of 100

71. Question

1 points

Which of the following is considered a late somatic effect?

Carcinogenesis
Genetic effect
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease

Question 72 of 100

72. Question

1 points

Which of the following is used to limit the area of the patient being irradiated?

Grid
Lead mask
Collimator
Compensating filter

Question 73 of 100

73. Question

1 points

Gonadal shields may reduce to female gonads by up to:

50%
95%
10%
75%

Question 74 of 100

74. Question

1 points

Which of the following sets of exposure factors would result in the lowest dose to the patient?

High mAs,low kVp,400 - speed system
Low mAs,High kVp,400 - speed system
low mAs,high kVp,small focal spot ,100 - speed system
low mAs,high kVp,large focal spot ,100 - speed system

Question 75 of 100

75. Question

1 points

Which of the following is used as part of an effort to observe the ALARA concept?

Grids
slow speed system
Collination
Thinner filtration

Question 76 of 100

76. Question

1 points

The cardinal rule of radiation protection

Collimation,Gonadal shielding ,no repeatsa
Collimation,Short exposure time ,no repeatsa
Shielding,distance,time
Time, distance,collimation

Question 77 of 100

77. Question

1 points

Which of the following is used to survey an area for radiation detection and measurement?

TLD
Film badge
Handheld ionization chamber
Geiger - mueller detector

Question 78 of 100

78. Question

1 points

Which of the following is accurate as low as 10 mrem?

TLD
Film badge
Pocket ionization chamber
Handheld ionization chamber

Question 79 of 100

79. Question

1 points

Which of the following includes filters for measurement of radiation energy?

TLD
Film badge
Pocket ionization chamber
Handheld ionization chamber

Question 80 of 100

80. Question

1 points

Which of the following may be used to measure in- air exposures in a fluroscopic room?

TLD
Film badge
Handheld ionization chamber
Geiger - Mueller detector

Question 81 of 100

81. Question

1 points

What detection device sounds an alarm to indicate the presence of radioactivity?

TLD
Film badge
Pocket ionization chamber
Geiger - Mueller detector

Question 82 of 100

82. Question

1 points

Which of the following is accurate as low as 5 mrem?

TLD
Film badge
Pocket ionization chamber
Geiger - Mueller detector

Question 83 of 100

83. Question

1 points

Which of the following is a digital monitor that may be used to measure dos ina an area?

TLD
Film badge
Pocket ionization chamber
Handheld ionization chamber

Question 84 of 100

84. Question

1 points

Which of the following may be used for 3 months at at a time?

TLD
Film badge
Pocket ionization chamber
Geiger - Mueller detector

Question 85 of 100

85. Question

1 points

Which of the following is sensitive to extremes in environment?

TLD
Film badge
Pocket ionization chamber
Handheld ionization chamber

Question 86 of 100

86. Question

1 points

For any given examination, the mean marrow dose can be calculated, which of the following used to represent mean marrow dose?

GSD
ALARA
MMD
MPD

Question 87 of 100

87. Question

1 points

The radiation dose that would cause the same genetic injury to the population as the sum of doses received by the individuals actually being rxposed is called:

GSD
ALARA
MMD
MPD

Question 88 of 100

88. Question

1 points

The timer used in fluroscopy is

Must be in 3 minutes
Should always be reset before an alarm sound so that it doesnot annoy the radiologist
Sound an alarm after 3 minutes
It is used to alert the fluroscopist afterv 5 minutes of fluroscopy scanning have elapsed

Question 89 of 100

89. Question

1 points

The most effective protection against radiation exposure for the radiographer is

Lead apron
Lead gloves
Lead glasses
Distance

Question 90 of 100

90. Question

1 points

If the dose of scatter radiation in fluroscopy to the radiographer is 10 mR at a distance 2 feet from the table,where should the radiographer stand to reduce the dose to2.5mR?

8 feet from the table
4 feet from the table
At the foot of the table
Directly behind thefluroscopist

Question 91 of 100

91. Question

1 points

Lead aprons used in fluroscopy must be at least:

0.5mm lead
0.25mm lead
0.1mm lead
0.25mm lead equivalent

Question 92 of 100

92. Question

1 points

Which of the following is true concerning holding of patients for radiographic examinations?

May be performed routinely to obtain a diagnostic examination
Should be done only when absolutely necessary, and then the holding should be done by a nonpregnant member of the family
Should be done only when absolutely necessary, and then the holding should be done by a competent radiographer so that repeat will not be needed
May be performed using a student radiographer to hold because students are not exposed as aoften as staff radiographers

Question 93 of 100

93. Question

1 points

The factors that must be considered in the design of structural shielding for a radiology room or department include

Use, occupancy,workload
Time,distance,workload
Occupational and unoccupational exposure
Number of employees and number of students

Question 94 of 100

94. Question

1 points

The lowest intensity of scatter radiation from the patient is located:

At the head of the table
At a 90 degree angle from the patient
At a 180 degree angle from the patient
At the foot of the table

Question 95 of 100

95. Question

1 points

A film badge reading of M means

A dose less than 10 mrem has received
A maximum dose has been received
A mean dose has been received
Much radiation has been received

Question 96 of 100

96. Question

1 points

A reading of 200 mR with a handheld ionization chamber means:

200 milliroentgens has been detected
At least 200 milliroentgens has been received
200 millirads has been received
Roentgens has been received

Question 97 of 100

97. Question

1 points

Which of the following is the most accurate personel monitoring device?

TLD
Film badge
OSL dosimeter
Geiger - Mueller detector

Question 98 of 100

98. Question

1 points

Minimum source – to- skin distance for mobile radiography must be:

15 inches
12 inches
36 inches
55 inches

Question 99 of 100

99. Question

1 points

Positive beam limitation is also known as:

Use of collimators
Beam limitation used for all examinations
Use of beam restrictors
Automatic collimation

Question 100 of 100

100. Question

1 points

Added filtration should be adjusted by the radiographer:

To "harden" the x-ray beam
To remove the softrays from the x-ray beam
To excercise radiation protection
Never

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