Explanation:

CA 15-3. Elevated  in women with advanced metastatic brest cancer.ation CA 15-3 is a high molecular weight (>400 kD) glycoprotein which belongs to a subgroup of polymorphic epithelial mucins (PEM).2 These mucins are normally found in the luminal secretion of glandular cells and do not circulate in the blood. When these cells become malignant and their basal membranes permeable, PEMs are detectable in serum using the CA 15-3 assay.  normal value – Less than 30U/ml

Explanation:

Osmol gap in medical science is the difference between measured serum osmolality and calculated serum osmolality.

The osmol gap is typically calculated as:

OG = measured serum osmolality − calculated osmolality

Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mmol/L] + [urea mmol/L] + 1.25^[3] x [Ethanol mmol/L]

A normal osmol gap is < 10 mOsm/kg .^[5]

Explanation:

The Allen test is a worldwide used test to determine whether the patency of the radial or ulnar artery is normal. It is performed prior to radial cannulation or catheterisation, because placement of such a catheter often results in thrombosis. Therefore the test is used to reduce the risk of ischemia to the hand.

Explanation:

Individuals with Klebsiella pneumonia tend to cough up a characteristic sputum, as well as fever, nausea, tachycardia and vomiting.Klebsiella pneumonia tends to affect people with underlying conditions, such as alcoholis

Explanation:

a flagellate protozoan, especially of the genera Trypanosoma andLeishmania, that is parasitic in the blood .Hemoflagellates have several morphologic forms: amastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote and promastigote.

Explanation:

The nucleated RBCs contain basophilic stippling of the cytoplasm. This suggests a toxic injury to the bone marrow, such as lead poisoning. Such stippling may also appear with severe anemia, such as a megaloblastic anemia.

Explanation:

Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM type, which are not able to pass through the placenta to the fetal blood circulation. O-type individuals can produce IgG-type ABO antibodies. The precursor to the ABO blood group antigens, present in people of all common blood types, is called the H antigen.

Explanation:

Epinephrine, more commonly known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. Strong emotions such as fear or anger causeepinephrine to be released into the bloodstream, which causes an increase in heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism

Explanation:

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a compound that can be effectively used for water purification. It is used on a large scale for surface purification, bleaching, odor removal and water disinfection.

Explanation: