Explanation:

A noticeable sunken fontanel,lethargy ,poor feeding and decreased skin turgor suggestive of fluid volume deficit.

Explanation:

Weight of the child triples at 1 year of age. So weight is 3×3 = 9. Birh weight doubles at 5th month of age.

Explanation:

The most common sign of Wilm’s tumor is  a painless,palpable abdominal mass, sometimes accompanied by an increase in abdominal girth.Gross hematuria is uncommon, although microscopic hematuria may be present. Usually abdominal palpation is contraindicated in these group of patients.

Explanation:

Use of succinylcholine can cause Bradycardia, especially in children . Atropine is the drug of choice in treating succinylcholine- induced bradycardia. Lidocaine is used in adults only.

Explanation:

Rheumatic fever results as a delayed reaction to inadequately treated group  A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Poverty,poor hygiene, lack of access  to medical care are the risk factors for the development of rheumatic fever. Jones criteria is used to diagnose the condition.

Explanation:

Physical to psychological not used to describe normal growth and development. All others are the characteristics of normal growth and development.

Explanation:

Mongolian spot are very common in any part of the body osf dark-skinned babies. They are flat,gray-blue in color ,and can be small or large. They are caused by some pigment that don’t make it to the top layer when baby’s skin was being formed. Most of the time it will disappear by 1 year of age.

Explanation:

Coomb’s test is the test to determine if Rh antibodies are present.Indirect coomb’s is direct to the mother and Direct coomb’s is one direct to the baby.Direct coomb’s test is used to detect antibodies that are suck to the surface of red blood cells. many diseases and drug cancause this. Thease antibodies sometimes destroy  red blood cells and cause anemia. A normal result means there was no clumping of cells(agglutination). This means that there is no antibodies to red blood cells.

Explanation:

A cleft lip is a physical split or separation of the two sides of the upper lip and appears as a narrow opening or gap in the skin of the upper lip. The separation often extends beyond the base of the nose and includes the bones of the upper jaw and or upper gum. This condition is occurring during the embryonic development. This condition leads to compromised swallowing in the new born baby.

Explanation:

During fetoplacental circulation, the pressure in the heart is much higher in the right side, but once breathing /crying is established , the pressure will shift from the R to the L side, and will facilitate the closure of formen ovale.The remaining of formen ovale is known as fossa ovalis.If this opening fail to close then a trial septal defect can occur.

Explanation:

Mature pincer grasp will be developing by 9 months of age. All other  reflexes are present in the newborn baby.

Explanation:

Foramen ovale is present between two atrium. The abnormal connection between two atria in the postnatal life can lead to atrial septal defect.

Explanation:

Sitting is the most appropriate position because child’s head elevated but not hyperextended becausehypertension may cause bleeding into the pharynx and possible aspiration.

Explanation:

Psychosocial development proposed by  Erikson

Psychosexual development Freud

Coginitive development Piagets

Moral development Kohlberg

Explanation:

Aspirin is also known as salicylic acid. Overdose with aspirin can lead to metabolic acidosis.

Explanation:

Mixed feeding is never recommended by HIV positive child because it will increases the risk of infection. Vaccination need to be done after consultation with doctors, because live vaccines need to be avoided in these patient.

Explanation:

 The term terrible twos is the term used to describethe toddler years, the period ranging from 1 to 2 years of age. It’s the challenging time for parents and child as each learn to know the other better. It’s  an extremely important period for developmental  achievement and intellectual growth.

Explanation:

Infant -onlooker play, Toddler parallel play, Pre school associative play,School going cooperative play.

Explanation:

Celiac disease is a condition in which inability to fully digest gliadin, which is a byproduct of the protein gluten. It is also called as gluten induced enteropathy, gluten sensitive enteropathy, celiac sprue. Wheat, rye, brely,oats- gluten rich food items, so these food items need to avoid during the lif etime.

Explanation:

Chvostek sign means twitching of the orbicularis oculi and mouth elicited by tapping the facial nerve anterior to the external auditory meatus. Trousseau means carpopedal spas elicited by inflating a BP cuff on the arm to a pressure above the systolic. Both these signs are the characteristic signs of hypocalcemia

Explanation:

Phenobarbitone act in the liver and induce glucuronyl transferase. So it is the drug of choice in neonatal jaundice.

Explanation:

Grade                                Weight for age

Grade 1                              71-80%

Grade 2                              61-70%

Grade 3                              51-60%

Grade 4                              <50%

Explanation:

All the above are age independent indicators of malnutrition. Any MUAC below 13.5 is abnormal. In shakir tape method also mid upper arm circumference which is less than 13.5 is abnormal. In bangle test if 4cm diameter bangle freely passes the elbow that suggestive of malnutrition. All these parameter, do not require age of the baby to calculate the level of malnutrition so it is called as age independent indicators of malnutrition.

Explanation:

Shoulder roll brings posterior pharynx, larynx and trachea in a line and it will facilitate breathing in new-born baby and will also help in easy intubation.

Explanation:

Inflammation of meninges which is covering brain and spinal cord is known as meningitis. LP is the most commonly performed diagnostic test in a child with meningitis.

Explanation:

Diaphragmatic hernia is the contraindication for BMV, because it further increases the intrathoracic pressure and respirator compromise will be there.

Explanation:

All the above mentioned are the clinical advantage of delayed cord clamping. It will also decreases the incidence of anemia.

Explanation:

In term baby deep creases will be present in the palms and soles of the baby. All others are the characteristic of term baby.

Explanation:

Option A is the correct statement regarding caput succedaneum all other statements are related to cephalohematoma

Explanation:

In hydrocephalus and increased ICP bulging of fontanel will be there. In dehydration depressed fontanel will be there.

Explanation:

Premature closure of coronal suture is called as Apert syndrome.

Explanation:

Cracked pot sound in hydrocephalus bay is Macewan sign. Chadwick’s sign is a  bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow. Homan’s sign.: Pain in the calf of the leg upon dorsiflexion of the foor with the leg extended that is diagnostic of thrombosis in the deep veins of the area. Kerning’s sign: Severe stiffness of the hamstrings causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees. It is suggestive of meningitis.

Explanation:

Patent ductus arteriosus does not comes under TOF. All the other three conditions comes under TOF. It includes VSD, Right ventricular hypertrophy (right ventriculat outflow tract obstruction), overriding of aorta and pulmonary stenosis.

Explanation:

Anterior fontanel close by 18 months of age, so in a 1 year old child this is a normal finding.

Explanation:

Maintaining moisture to the affected eye (especially at night) to prevent keratitis is required in a child who is affected with Bell’s palsy

Explanation:

Play during infancy promotes physical development through the use of different kind of toys. All others are also the functions of play therapy but during infancy its main importance is physical development of the child.

Explanation:

The bottom incisors are the first teeth that tend to erupt in children at 6-8 month of age.

Explanation:

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. SIDS is sometimes known as crib death because the infants often die in their cribs. Exact cause for this condition is not known.By making them lying down in the back or side lying position will help to reduce the incidence of this condition.

Explanation:

Passage of fecal matter in inappropriate locations after bowel control would be expected is known as encopresis.

Enuresis: refers to a repeated inability to control urination

Pica: eating non-nutritive substances

Dyslexia: Dyslexia, also known as reading disorder, is characterized by trouble with reading

Explanation:

In all the above mentioned conditions mantoux test will be positive. Host related factors such as very young age, malnutrition, immunosuppression by disease or drugs, viral infection also plays a role.

Explanation:

Treatment involves a diet that is very low in phenylalanine, particularly when the child is growing. The diet must be strictly followed. All other statements are true related to PKU

Explanation:

Gamma benzene hexachloride can cause neurotoxicity through subcutaneous absorption especially in younger children, so drug of choice in younger children is 5% permethrin cream

Explanation:

Prescribed flow rate need to be followed, otherwise it can lead to fluid overload and further problems in children.

Explanation:

Angelman syndrome is also called “happy puppet syndrome” because of the unusual gait and the unprovoked outbursts of laughter. In this condition, interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q1-q13 from maternal side will occur, if it is from the paternal side then Prader-Willi syndrome. Trisomy of 21 chromosome is know as Down syndrome.

Explanation:

Morphine is narcotics and its antidote is naloxone which is essential to prevent respiratory depression in new born child.

Explanation:

Lack of stridor and adventitious breath sounds is the most common sign which occurs in shaken baby syndrome following CNS trauma.

Explanation:

Side lying position helps in the drainage of secretions from oral cavity and reduces the risk of aspiration.

Explanation:

Blurring of vision is not a side effect  of excessive vitamin A .All others are the side effect of vitamin A.

Explanation:

Thick mucus can block the tubes that carry digestive enzymes  from pancreas to intestines. Without these enzymes body cannot absorb proteins, fat or fat soluble vitamins.So there will be nutritional deficiency.

Explanation:

It is the most common sign indicating  respiratory distress in an infant. It is a mechanism by which infant try to keep alveoli open and to increase arterial oxygenation.

Explanation:

Cogenital failure of the nasal cavities to open posteriorly into the nasopharynx (choanae) is called choanal artresia

Explanation:

Option B is the correct response, all others are incorrect responses

Explanation:

Donor twin is likely to have oligohydramnios, anemia,and hypovolemia and the recipient twin is likely to have polyhydroamniosis and plethora and to be larger than the donor twin.

Explanation:

Cogenital abnormalities of the fetal kidney lead to oligohydramnios. In all other conditions polyhydramnios is there because of the interference  with reabsorption of swallowed amniotic fluid.

Explanation:

There is no opening between nasal passage and nasopharynx , so infant can breathe only through mouth, it will leads to choking during feeding

Explanation:

Above mentioned   signs and  symptoms are the characteristics of congenital rubella

Explanation:

Cultureof rashes at diaper area will show the growth of staph aureas.

Explanation:

All the above  statement are correct in relation to the management of a child with cogenital hypothyrodism

Explanation:

Airway maintenance is the highest priority after surgery. So maintain a patent airway play an important role in the immediate post-operative period.

Explanation:

Assuming the knee-chest position is thought to increase peripheral resistance , decreasing the amountb of right – to- left shunting and thus increasing pulmonary blood flow.

Explanation:

Mentioned signs and symptoms are the typical features  of turners syndrome. It occurs because of missing or incomplete sex chromosome.

Explanation:

Right upper  lobe is most commonly affected  with atelectasis in children

Explanation:

GnRH is a hypothalmic gonadotropin -releasing hormone. Which responsible for the onset and progression of puberty.

Explanation:

In good attachement baby’s lower lip everted not inverted. All others are the connect signs and symptoms of attachement.

Explanation:

Prolactin reflex is milk secretion reflex and oxytocin is milk ejection reflex.

Explanation:

Option D is the correct statement related to late onset neonatal sepsis which occur after 72 hours,all other statements indicate early onset neonatal sepsis

Explanation:

The purpose is to reflect back the light on to the baby.While using these make sure that airflow is not impede.

Explanation:

Yellow fever,dengue,chikungunya fever in all these conditions Aedes is the vector

Explanation:

90% of polio infections are asymptomatic

Explanation:

Kramers rule used for the estimation of bilirubin level in jaundice

Explanation:

Oral tetracycline (20/mg/kg) is recommended by WHO for the treatment of trachoma in children

Explanation:

It is an intrinsic disturbance which resulting in short stature

Explanation:

Configurational isomerization Z isomer are converted to E isomers, in structural isomerization bilirubin converted as lumirubin and in photo oxidation photo products are excreted via in urine

Explanation:

Hormone thyroxin play an important role in the intras uterine growth and development. This hormone will help in the skeletal maturation of fetus

Explanation:

Maximum growth can be seen in Girls by 10 years (8-13) and in boys 12 years(10-15). This growth spurt is because of puberty attainment.

Explanation:

Maximum brain growth occur during intrauterine life as well as in the immediate post-operative period.

Explanation:

From 1.5 – 3 years child develops autonomy and reaches peak at 3 year.

Explanation:

Evening colic may be seen as a manifestation of allergy to milk. In this crying for more than 3 hours a day for more than 3 days a week for 3 weeks in an otherwise healthy child between the ages of 2 weeks and 4 months.

Explanation:

Assuming the knee-chest position is thought to increase the peripheral resistance , decreasing the amount of right- to -left shunting and thus increasing pulmonary blood flow.

Explanation:

Goal of caring mentally challenged children include make them independent as much as possible. So teaching them self- care activities will be more effective

Explanation:

Potato, peas chicken and green leafy vegetables are  the rich source of iron

Explanation:

Acetaminophen cause hepatic damage of because of child may be complaining of right upper quadrant pain and jaundice may be late manifestation.

Explanation:

6 years old child is independent in most of his activities and highly sensitive to criticism.

Explanation:

An ultrasound or fluroscopy of the chest would reveal asymmetric diaphragmatic motion in a seesaw manner.

Explanation:

Before doing any intervention the parents should call the poison control center or specific directions and help.

Explanation:

Inventogram is a specific diagnostic test done to find out anorectal malformations. Skiagram is used for the diagnosis of tracheaeoesophageal fistula.

Explanation:

Priority is the patent airway and necessary equipment must be immediately available.

Explanation:

Often the infant will have decreased pulmonary reserve and the clustering of care is essential to provide for period of rest.

Explanation:

Rest reduces  the need for oxygen and reduces the metabolic need.

Explanation:

RSV highly contagious so child need to be isolated and need to maintain standard and contact precautions.

Explanation:

Exposed area should be moistened and cover well.

Explanation:

All the above defects are  associated with exstrophy bladder. Bladder exstrophy is a rare  genitourinary malformation that, when simply defined, refers to the eversion of the bladder to the outside of the body. It is a rare genitourinary malformation for which the management still challenges the field of pediatric urology.

Explanation:

Blood glucose value less than 40mg/dl is called as hypoglycemia. If plasma glucose level less than 45mg/dl is known as hypoglycemaia.

Explanation:

Between two killed vaccines there is no recommended duration. All other statements are true in relation with killed vaccines

Explanation:

Measles- measles- subcutaneous is the correct match

Explanation:

Mumps cause orchitis in male and can cause sterility.

Explanation:

Meningomyelocele predispose the child to develop hydrocephalus.So it is important for the nurse to recognize signs and symptoms related to hydrocephalus earlier. Increase in head circumference suggestive to hydrocephalus.

Explanation:

OPV and measles are sensitive to heat and can be frozen without harm, OPV stored at freezer and all other above mentioned vaccines are storing top rack below the freezer.

Explanation:

Diarrhea lasts, more than 2 week is persistent diarrhea. Blood in stool is dysentery

Explanation:

A condition that causes inflammation in the walls of some blood vessels in the body. It’s most common in infants and young children.Early stages include a rash and fever. Symptoms include high fever and peeling skin. In late stages, there may be inflammation of medium size blood vessels(vasculitis). It is also affect lymph nodes , skin and mucous membranes, such as inside the mouth. kawasaki disease is usually treatable. Initial treatments include aspirin and IV immunoglobulin therapy given in a hospital.